多重身份语境下鼓浪屿遗产社区可持续发展的路径探索

Exploring a Sustainable Development Path for Gulangyu Heritage Community in the Context of Multiple Identities

随着可持续发展思潮的演进,世界遗产开始超越遗产本体保护而关注遗产社区的可持续发展问题。相关研究多集中在总结遗产社区的发展模式或探讨其存在的矛盾与冲突问题,且将诸多因素视为单一独立的存在,割裂了彼此间的联系与互动。本文从“遗产+社区+景区”的多重身份语境下分析了鼓浪屿遗产社区遗产保护、社区建设和旅游经济的多重可持续发展问题。首先提出了社区衰落、可持续发展内生动力不足,旅游繁荣、可持续发展外部压力过大,遗产保护受困、可持续发展体制机制不顺等问题。其次,梳理了鼓浪屿遗产地社区在“社区”层面改善教育、保障民生、激发社区内生动力,在“景区”层面有效限游、文旅融合、科学发展旅游业,在“遗产”层面立法保障、优化管理、理顺保护体制等多个层面上的实践与探索。

With the concept of sustainable development evolving,the world heritage protection starts to grow beyond the physical protection of heritage and focus on sustainable development of heritage communities.Existing studies in this field often focused on summarizing the development models of heritage communities or discussing existing conflicts in the heritage communities,and individually and separately took into consideration various factors,so that the links or interactions between them are often ignored.In the context of multiple identities,namely,heritage+community+tourist attraction,how to ensure sustainable development of Gulangyu in various aspects while delivering heritage protection,community development and tourism economy has become a key issue for the sustainable development of Gulangyu Heritage Community(GHC).In this paper,firstly,the following issues are discussed.The community is declining;there is a lack of internal momentum for sustainable development and too much external pressure from booming tourism on sustainable development;heritage protection is constrained;and systems and mechanisms for sustainable development have not been streamlined.Secondly,practices and explorations carried out by GHC at various levels are reviewed as follows.At the community level,efforts have been put into improving education,protecting people's livelihood,and stimulating internal momentum within the community.At the tourist attraction level,work has been carried out to effectively limit tourists'activities,integrate culture with tourism,and develop the tourism industry of Gulangyu in a scientific manner.And at the heritage level,laws and regulations are formulated to protect the heritage community,and management is being optimized while the heritage protection systems are streamlined.