椭圆截面战斗部爆轰驱动壳体的断裂及毁伤特性

Casing fracture and damage characteristics of an elliptical cross-section warhead under explosive loading

为研究椭圆截面战斗部爆轰驱动下壳体破片的形成机制和毁伤特性,设计了5种装药质量和壳体质量比相同而短长轴比不同的战斗部,开展了静爆威力试验,获得了椭圆截面战斗部破片径向速度分布规律,并结合细观观测方法分析了爆轰驱动下壳体断裂过程及破片损伤特性,通过测量破片对Q235钢板的侵彻开坑参数,量化了椭圆截面战斗部破片的侵彻毁伤能力。研究结果表明:椭圆截面战斗部破片速度由短轴至长轴方向呈对数趋势增长,相较于圆形截面战斗部存在明显的速度增益,短长轴比为0.40时,增益达到83%;靠近长轴处,由于壳体受到滑移爆轰为主导的驱动作用,壳体内部环向拉应力导致破片内表面出现拉伸裂纹,随着短长轴比增大,破片表面裂纹逐渐消失,而在战斗部短轴处,散心爆轰占据主导地位,壳体主要受到径向压应力作用,并未出现裂纹损伤;受端面稀疏波影响,战斗部轴向最大毁伤威力出现在距离非起爆端1/4处,而在战斗部径向方向,短长轴比为0.40时,短轴毁伤威力达到长轴的1.83倍,且该差异随着短长轴比增大逐渐减小。

In order to study the mechanism of fragmentation and damage characteristics of elliptical cross-section warhead under internal explosive loading,five types of warheads were designed with the same ratio of charge mass to casing mass but different ratio of minor axis to major axis,and static explosion tests were conducted.The detonation process of the warhead was recorded by high-speed camera,and the destruction capability of the warheads were quantified by measuring the cratering parameters of the witness targets,while the radial velocity distribution of the fragments was obtained by the velocity-measuring targets.The test results show that the radial velocity of the fragments of elliptical cross-section warhead logarithmically increases from the major axis direction to the minor axis direction.There is a significant velocity enhancement compared to circular cross-section warhead,when the ratio of minor to major axis is equal to 0.40,the enhancement reaches to an amazing 83%.The fragments near the major axis are subjected to slip detonation as the dominant driving effect,and the circumferential tensile stress inside the casing leads to tensile cracks on the inner surface of the fragments.At the same time,the tensile cracks disappear gradually as the ratio of minor to major axis increases.In the minor axis direction,the scattered detonation always dominated,and the casing is mainly subjected to radial compressive stresses,thus no tensile crack appears.In addition,due to the influence of rarefaction waves on the end face,the maximum destructive power of the warhead axially occurs at 1/4 of the distance from the non-detonation end.And in the radial direction,the damage power of fragment in the direction of minor axis is significantly greater than that in the major axis direction.Especially when the ratio of minor to major axis is equal to 0.40,the destructive power of the minor axis reaches 1.83 times that of the major axis,but the difference decreases with the increase of minor to major axis ratio.