基于支架和无支架策略在生长板软骨再生治疗中的应用

Application of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategy for treatment of growth plate cartilage regeneration

背景:组织工程是一种理想的生长板再生治疗方式,然而目前大多数的再生组织工程研究都是建立在传统支架策略的基础之上,随着传统支架的局限性逐渐显露,研究的方向也逐渐多样化。目的:总结基于支架和无支架策略在生长板软骨再生治疗中的应用以及各自的优势和不足。方法:检索PubMed、Wiley、Elsevier数据库收录的相关文献,英文检索词为“growth plate injury,regeneration,tissue engineering,scaffold,scaffold-free,biomimetic,cartilage”。检索时限为1990-2023年,最终纳入104篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:仿生支架策略是通过模拟生长板独特的组织结构最大程度上还原每个区域的细胞组成、生物信号和独特力学性能,进而构建能促进组织再生的仿生微环境,因此,仿生支架的设计是尽可能地从成分、结构和力学性能上模拟原生生长板,虽然取得一定的成效,但仍存在再生效果不稳定的问题。无支架策略认为支架的局限性会对再生治疗产生不利影响,因此,无支架构建物的设计是尽可能地依赖于细胞自身产生和维持细胞外基质的能力,不干扰细胞-细胞间的信号,不引入外源性物质,但存在稳定性较差、机械强度低,操作难度较大等问题。仿生策略和无支架策略的出发点不同且均存在各自的优缺点,但它们对于生长板软骨再生均能产生积极的作用。因此,后续的研究不论是采取仿生策略或无支架策略,都将聚焦于对现有技术的不断优化,以期实现有效的生长板软骨再生治疗。

BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering is considered an ideal treatment for growth plate regeneration.However,most of the current research on regenerative tissue engineering is the traditional scaffold-based strategy.As the limitations of traditional scaffolds are gradually revealed,the research direction is gradually diversifying.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in the treatment of growth plate cartilage regeneration and their respective advantages and disadvantages.METHODS:The relevant articles were searched from PubMed,Wiley,and Elsevier.The search terms were“growth plate injury,regeneration,tissue engineering,scaffold,scaffold-free,biomimetic,cartilage”in English.The time was limited from 1990 to 2023.Finally,104 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The biomimetic strategy is to reduce the cell composition,biological signals and unique mechanical properties of each region to the greatest extent by simulating the unique organizational structure of the growth plate,so as to build a biomimetic microenvironment that can promote tissue regeneration.Therefore,the design of a biomimetic scaffold is to simulate the original growth plate as far as possible in terms of composition,structure and mechanical properties.Although some results have been achieved,there is still the problem of the unstable regeneration effect.The scaffold-free strategy believes that the limitations of scaffolds will have adverse effects on regenerative therapy.Therefore,the design of scaffold-free constructs relies as much as possible on the ability of cells to generate and maintain extracellular matrix without interfering with cell-cell signals or introducing exogenous substances.However,there are some problems,such as poor stability,low mechanical strength and greater difficulty in operation.Biomimetic strategy and scaffold-free strategy have different emphases,advantages and disadvantages,but they both have positive effects on growth plate cartilage regeneration.Therefore,subsequent studies,whether adopting a biomimetic strategy or a scaffold-free strategy,will focus on the continuous optimization of existing technologies in order to achieve effective growth plate cartilage regeneration therapy.