成语语义非自然式衍变原因探析

The Reason Discussion of the Unnatural Idioms Semantic Evolution

成语的语义衍变可大致分为两种:“顺其自然”式和“决堤改道”式,其中,经“决堤改道”式衍变产生的语义,又可细分为联想临时义和联想固定义。当脱离语源出处(语境)时,成语本身字面之义是影响它发生语义衍变的基本因素。从语素、字面义联想方向、焦点三个角度,揭示非自然“决堤改道”式语义衍变的产生原因及其所蕴含的语言规律。

The idiom semantic evolution is divided into“naturally”and“burst diversion”of two kinds,and“burst diversion”is subdivided into the temporary and fixed associate meaning.When separated from the context,the literal meaning of the idiom itself is the basic factor of semantic change.From the angles of morphemes,literal meaning associative direction and focus to reveal the causes and rules of the“burst diversion”semantic evolution.