身体活动对儿童基础动作技能发展干预效果的Meta分析

Intervention Effect of Physical Activity on Children’s Fundamental Motor Skill Development:A Meta-analysis

目的:使用meta分析的方法探讨身体活动对儿童基础动作技能干预效果的关系。方法:依据PRISMA原则,检索知网、万方、维普、PubMed、web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库,对纳入的17篇中英文文献、27项研究,2030名实验参与者,使用Revman 5.4软件进行meta分析,并设置年龄、身体活动方式、活动时长、活动频率、单次运动量5个调节变量进行亚组分析。结果:(1)身体活动对移动动作(SMD=1.19,95%CI:0.97,1.41,P<0.00001)、操作动作(SMD=1.49,95%CI:1.12,1.87,P<0.00001)、粗大动作总分(SMD=1.72,95%CI:1.33,2.12,P<0.00001)都具有积极影响。(2)亚组分析结果显示,动作发展受到身体活动参与者的年龄、身体活动方式、活动干预时长、活动干预频率及单次运动量的影响。结论:(1)身体活动对儿童的粗大动作发展,包括移动动作和操作动作都具有积极的影响;(2)身体活动能促进3~6岁儿童的动作发展,4~5岁年龄段有最显著成效;(3)体育项目类身活动和系统性身体活动均能促进儿童粗大动作的发展,但体育项目类身体活动效益最佳,游戏类身体活动效应不显著。(4)身体活动每周2-3次,每次40~50 min,持续时间在8~12周的身体活动方案能有效促进儿童的基础动作技能的发展。

The objective of this study was to reveal the relationships between the physical activity and the children’fundamental motor skills development based on meta-analysis.Revman 5.4 was used for meta-analysis of 2030 participants in 27 research projects and 17 Chinese or English articles retrieved from the data base of CNKI,WANFANG,VIP PAPER,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and Cochrane Library under PRISMA principle.Ages,physical activity mode,activity duration,activity frequency and amount of single exercise were set as variables for subgroup analysis.The results showed that the physical activity had positive effect on total score of locomotor(SMD=1.19,95%CI:0.97,1.41,P<0.00001),objective control(SMD=1.49,95%CI:1.12,1.87,P<0.00001)and gross motor(SMD=1.72,95%CI:1.33,2.12,P<0.00001).Subgroup analysis showed that motor development was affected by participant diversity including ages,physical activity mode,activity duration,activity frequency and amount of single exercise.It was concluded that the physical activity had positive effect on the children’gross motor development including locomotor and objective control.Physical activity could promote motor development of children aged 3~6.The effects of children aged 4~5 were most remarkable.Both sports event physical activity and systematic physical activity could promote gross development of the children.The sports event physical activity had the most remarkable effect while the game related physical activity was not effective enough.The scheme of physical activity 2~3 times a week,40~50 minutes each time,lasting for 8~12 weeks could effectively promote the children’s fundamental motor skills development.