心理疲劳对高水平游泳运动员运动成绩的影响研究:来自行为和EEG的关联性证据

Effect of Mental Fatigue on Sport Performance in Elite Swimmers:Linked Evidence from Behavior and EEG

目的:考察心理疲劳对游泳运动员运动成绩的影响及其认知神经机制以及脑电活动变化与运动成绩变化的关系。方法:采用单因素被试内研究设计,共招募20名国家一级及以上水平游泳运动员,利用Stroop范式诱导心理疲劳,利用静息态脑电(EEG)技术记录无心理疲劳、心理疲劳两种实验环境下的脑电数据,以及记录两种实验环境下的运动成绩。结果:(1)从运动成绩来看,与心理疲劳诱导前相比,游泳运动员在心理疲劳诱导后的运动成绩显著降低(各时间段均显著降低)。(2)从EEG指标来看,与心理疲劳诱导前相比,游泳运动员在心理疲劳诱导后颞叶Alpha波、颞叶Theta波和顶叶Theta波呈显著上升,额叶Theta波、中央区Theta波和枕叶Delta波呈显著下降。结论:心理疲劳对游泳运动员的运动成绩与脑神经活动均有影响,后续可利用脑电即时监测专业游泳运动员心理疲劳以减少心理疲劳对其运动成绩的影响。

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mental fatigue on sport performance in swimmers and its cognitive neural mechanisms as well as the relationship between changes in EEG activity and changes in sport performance.A one-factor within-subjects study design was used to induce mental fatigue using the Stroop Task.Resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)were used to record EEG data in two experimental settings:no mental fatigue and mental fatigue,as well as to record sport performance in the two experimental settings.In terms of sport performance,swimmers showed a significant stepwise decreasing effect on sport performance after mental fatigue induction.From the EEG,alpha power in the temporal regions,theta power in the temporal regions and theta power in the frontal regions showed a significant increase after mental fatigue induction,theta power in the frontal regions,theta power in the central regions and delta power in the occipital regions showed significant decreases.Swimmers with mental fatigue had lower sport performance,higher alpha power in the temporal regions,theta power in the temporal regions and theta power in the frontal regions,and lower theta power in the frontal regions,theta power in the central regions and delta power in the occipital regions.The EEG could be used to monitor the mental fatigue of elite swimmers in time to reduce the effect of mental fatigue on their sport performance.