民国时期武术是怎样被书写的?——基于1911—1949年出版著作的统计分析

How Was Wushu in the Republic of China Period Written About?:Based on the Statistical Analysis of the Works Published in 1911−1949

以1911—1949年出版的246部武术著作、156名著者为史料,运用数理统计法,从图书分类、出版趋势、作者组成等多个方面对民国时期中国武术学术发展状况进行剖析。民国时期武术著作直观呈现出“出版数量受到时局变化的影响,并以上海为中心汇聚核心出版单位,社会文化学者为主要核心作者群”的特点。在中西新旧冲突与融合的学术背景下,中国传统文化及明清武术理论浸润学人,出版了大量关于“拳种”“拳理”以及考证武术源流的著作,赓续了明清武术著作的书写传统,并根据时代需求扩充新内容;在新文化运动的冲击下,“科学”与“民主”又成为民国时期武术书写的时代主题,借鉴和参照西方体育的研究方法成为新的学术特征,深刻影响了中国武术的学术发展。

With 246 Wushu(martial arts)works and 156 authors published from 1911 to 1949 as materials,the book classification,publishing trend,author composition and other aspects are analyzed.It is found that the Wushu works in this period intuitively show"the number of publications is influenced by the changes of the current situation,and Shanghai is the center to gather the core publishing units,and social and cultural scholars constitute the core author group".Under the academic background of the conflict and integration of the"Chinese and Western",Chinese traditional culture and the Wushu theories in Ming and Qing dynasties infiltrated scholars,leading to the publication in a large quantity of works on"boxing","boxing theory"as well as the textual research on Wushu origins,which continued the writing of the tradition of Ming and Qing Wushu,and expanded the new content as well.Under the demand of the new culture movement,"science"and"democracy"became the themes of the Republic of China period,becoming new characteristics and profoundly influenced the academic development of Chinese martial arts.