MOFs衍生碳基复合吸波材料的设计及性能调控策略

Design and Performance Regulation of MOFs-derived Carbon Composites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

开发轻质高效的电磁波吸收材料对抗电磁干扰、信息安全、国防安全等方面具有重要的战略意义。近年来,金属—有机框架(MOFs)衍生的多孔碳基复合材料在轻质吸波材料领域受到广泛关注。得益于MOFs高度可调的孔结构以及可精准设计的组分和微观结构等优势,热解原位生成的金属基吸波基元不仅在多孔碳基质中形成了多界面和多样化的吸波组分,同时还产生了协同交联的导电网络,极大地丰富和强化了电磁波损耗机制,从而显著增强电磁波的吸收效能。其中,多种组分的合理设计和微观结构的可控构建是调控电磁参数的关键。立足于组分和孔结构调控策略,综述了近年来研究者们如何基于金属种类和空间分布、多元MOFs异质结构以及碳基质多孔结构对MOFs衍生碳基复合吸波材料进行理性设计及性能优化和提升。最后,对此类复合吸波材料的挑战和未来发展方向进行了阐述。

It is of great significance to develop lightweight and efficient electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials to counter the problems of electromagnetic interference,information security and national defense security.In recent years,nanoporous carbon composites derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have gained numerous attentions in the field of EMW absorption.Benefited from the highly adjustable pore structures and the tailored components and microstructures of MOFs,the in-situ generated metallic microwave absorption units in carbon matrix result in rich interfaces as well as compositions.Together with the cross-linked conductive network,the microwave loss mechanisms can be greatly enriched,leading to enhanced EMW absorption capability.The rational design of various components and the controllable construction of microstructures are the key to regulate the electromagnetic parameters.The rational design and performance regulation strategy of MOFs-derived carbon-based EMW absorbers in recent years are reviewed regarding incorporated metal types and spatial arrangement,heterogeneous structure of MOFs and porous structure of carbon matrix.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of MOFs-derived carbon composites in the application of EMW absorption are also presented.