凹凸棒石在分离及传感分析中的应用进展

Application of Attapulgite in Separation and Sensing Analysis

凹凸棒石是一种纤维状的硅酸盐黏土矿物,在中国储量丰富。凹凸棒石具有机械强度良好、比表面积大、离子交换容量适中和易修饰等优点。比如凹凸棒石表面的羟基可作为改性位点,有利于凹凸棒石的表面功能化。可通过水热改性、酸改性、热改性和表面功能化改性等方法实现对凹凸棒石的改性,使材料的分散性、导电性等性质发生变化,并提高复合材料的吸附性能和催化性能,从而设计制备多种改性凹凸棒石及其复合材料以扩展其应用范围。该文综述了上述凹凸棒石的改性方法和近5年来凹凸棒石及其复合材料在分离及传感分析中的应用研究进展,包括样品前处理、色谱分析、吸附净化等分离分析以及荧光、电化学、比色等传感器构建等方面。最后总结并提出了凹凸棒石未来的发展趋势。

Attapulgite is a kind of fibrous silicate clay minerals,which is abundant in China.At⁃tapulgite has the advantages of good mechanical strength,large specific surface area,moderate ion exchange capacity and easy modification.For example,the hydroxyl group on the surface of attapulg⁃ite can be used as the modification site for surface functionalization of attapulgite.Through the modifi⁃cation of attapulgite by hydrothermal modification,acid modification,thermal modification and sur⁃face functionalization modification,the dispersion as well as electrical conductivity of the material are changed,and the adsorption and catalytic properties of the composite are improved.Therefore,a variety of modified attapulgite and its composite materials could be designed and prepared to expand its application.In this review,the modification methods of attapulgite mentioned above are reviewed,and the research progress of attapulgite and its composites in separation and sensing analysis in recent five years are summarized,including the research progress in separation analysis such as sample pre⁃treatment,chromatographic analysis,adsorption and purification,as well as the research progress of sensor construction such as fluorescence sensing,electrochemical sensing and colorimetric sens⁃ing.Finally,the future development trend of attapulgite is summarized and put forward.