平台反垄断中引入必需设施理论的困境与回应

The Dilemma and Response of Introducing Necessary Facilities Theory into Platform Anti-monopoly

必需设施是反垄断法上规制拒绝交易行为的重要理论,互联网平台的“准公共属性”决定了其同样需要受到反垄断法规制。现有分析工具在认定平台垄断行为上存在困境,因此需要引入必需设施理论加以回应。要克服该理论存在动态分析不足、标准量化难及对市场运行机制的不利影响,树立“谦抑适用”的法律理念,可借鉴欧盟“数字守门人”制度加强对超级平台的事前监管,同时坚持该理论的“工具属性”,形成科学合理的认定标准。

Necessary facilities is an important theory in anti-monopoly law to regulate the behavior of refusing to deal.The"quasi-public attribute"of Internet platform determines that it also needs to be regulated by anti-monopoly law.Existing analytical tools have difficulties in identifying platform monopoly behavior,so it is necessary to introduce necessary facilities theory to respond.In order to overcome the lack of dynamic analysis of the theory,the difficulty of quantifying standards and the adverse impact on the market operation mechanism,and establish the legal concept of"modest application",we can learn from the European Union's"digital gatekeeper"system to strengthen the prior supervision of the super platform,while adhering to the"instrumental attribute"of the theory to form a scientific and reasonable identification standard.