栀子优良无性系‘分关1号’遗传特异性分析

Genetic Specificity Analysis of the Excellent Clone Gardenia jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1'

‘分关1号’(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1’)是从栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)优良变异材料中选育出的优良无性系,具有产量高、适应强、抗干旱、耐瘠薄等优良特性,其果实中栀子苷等活性成分含量高,已在福建省福鼎市的高山荒山劣质地大面积种植。这些优良特性是否与其发生核苷酸序列变异,而与本属其他植物在遗传存在差异有关,尚未明确。本研究收集‘分关1号’、狭叶栀子(Gardenia stenophylla)、海南栀子(Gardenia hainanensis)、大黄栀子(Gardenia sootepensis)等材料,提取DNA,对ITS序列(ITS-P5ITS-u4)进行PCR扩增,Sanger测序法检测样本的蛋白表达和突变基因,获得ITS序列,并从GenBank数据库中下载其他栀子的ITS序列信息。利用MEGA7.0软件对序列进行分析比对,计算遗传距离、构建系统发育树,对ITS2的二级结构进行预测。结果表明,栀子属ITS序列平均长度为646 bp,序列较短,利于栀子属鉴定;遗传距离分析和NJ系统发育树均表明‘分关1号’与栀子遗传距离最近;两者之间存在3个变异位点差异,变异率为0.4%,差异较小;其具有独特的茎环的数目和螺旋环的长度;与同属其他植物遗传距离较远,二级结构具有显著差异。‘分关1号’的药用含量和品质较优,栀子属其他种的药用成分含量各不相同,有待进一步开发利用。基于‘分关1号’优良的生长优势、药用品质与产量,合理利用山地资源有利于推动栀子产业的发展。

As an excellent clone breeding from excellent mutant materials Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,Gardenia jasminoides Ellis'Fenguan1'has salient traits like high yield,strong adaptability,drought resistance,barren toler-ance,and so on.It has been planted in the barren mountain area in Fuding City of Fujian Province and there are high contents of G.jasminoides and other active components in their fruits.Whether these good traits are related to nucleotide sequence variation occurrence and existence genetic differences in other plants of the genus is not clear.G.jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1',G.stenophylla,G.hainanensis,G.sootepensis and other materials were collected for DNA extraction.The ITS sequence(ITS-P5 ITS-U4)was amplified by PCR,and the protein expression and mutant genes of the samples were detected by Sanger sequencing method to obtain ITS sequence.The ITS se-quences of other Gardenia were downloaded from GenBank database.The sequences,calculate the genetic distance,construct the phylogenetic tree,and predict the secondary structure of ITS2 were analyzed and compared by MEGA 7.0.We can draw the following conclusions:the average length of ITS sequence of G.jasminoides was 646 bp,which wasrelativelyshort and conducive to the identification of G.jasminoides.Genetic distance analysisandNJ phylogenetic tree showed that G.jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1'was the closest to G.jasminoides Ellis;there are three differences between them,and the variation rate is 0.4%,and the difference is small;it has a unique number of stem ringsandthelength ofspiral rings;it isfar from other plantsin the same genus,and there are significant differencesin secondary structure.G.jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1'had good medicinal content and quality,while other Gardenia plants had different contents of medicinal components,requiring further development and utilization.According to the good growth advantages medicinal quality,as well as yield of G.jasminoides Ellis‘Fenguan1',rational utilization of mountain resources is conducive to promoting the development of G.jasminoides industry.