母子还是夫妻?——马王堆一号墓和三号墓的墓主关系及相关问题

Mother and Son or Husband and Wife?—The Relationship Between the Tomb Ocupants of Mawangdui Tombs No.1 and No.3 and Related Issues

马王堆一号墓和三号墓共用同一封土,一号墓打破三号墓的墓道是表现夫妇合葬的一种特殊形式;两墓使用相同的丧葬模式,出有形制、大小、纹饰相同的器物以及普通生活用品,说明两墓主曾经长时间共同生活;从年龄鉴定结果上看,两墓主年龄相差可能不足10岁,说明两墓主可能为夫妻关系,而非以往认为的母子关系。马王堆一号墓和三号墓夫妇合葬墓的确认,既有助于理解三号墓的墓主身份,也可为高等级贵族的丧葬制度研究,以及解读其中蕴含历史信息提供了新视角,其意义具有广泛性。

Mawangdui Tombs No.1 and No.3 share the same burial mound,and Tomb No.1 breaks into Tomb No.3,presenting a special form of burial where a husband and wife are buried together.Both tombs use the same burial style and contain similar artifacts and everyday items,indicating that the occupants lived together for a considerable period.Based on the age estimation,the age difference between the occupants of the two tombs is probably less than 10 years.All these suggest that they were a married couple rather than a mother and son,as previously assumed.The co-burial of the couple in Mawangdui Tombs No.1 and No.3,not only contributes to understanding the identity of the occupant of Tomb No.3 but also provides a new perspective for the study of burial practices of high-ranking nobles and the interpretation of historical information.Its significance is far-reaching.