多元化的沉浸式参与:活态历史博物馆的体验特征与启示

Diversified Immersive Engagement:Experience Characteristics and Implications of Living History Museums

活态历史博物馆主要以复原历史空间、构建社会生活情境、活态演绎等方式,还原特定历史时期的生活场景,并通过观众沉浸式参与实现博物馆的教育、休闲等功能。此类博物馆以情境式实物体验、探索式认知体验、启发式内省体验、引导式社会体验为特征,满足其核心目标群体——家庭观众及青少年群体的多元需求。活态历史博物馆构建的体验方式与公众需求高度契合,被传统历史类博物馆借鉴后,引发了博物馆展览教育、文化拓展项目等方面的创新。我国历史类博物馆的活态化举措以及未来活态历史博物馆的建设,应注意平衡体验深度与阐述广度,通过更加系统化的传播系统设计,帮助观众建立更高层面的认知与价值判断。

Living history museums primarily employ techniques such as historical space restoration,the construction of social life contexts,and live performance to recreate specific historical periods'living scenes and immersive visitor engagement approaches to fulfill their educational and leisure roles.Characterized by situational physical experiences,exploratory cognitive experiences,inspiring introspective experiences,and guided social experiences,these museums cater to the diverse needs of their core target groups-families and young audiences.The experiential approach adopted by living history museums aligns closely with public demands and has inspired traditional history museums'practices in education and outreach.For the employment of "living"measures in traditional history museums and the future construction of living history museums,it is crucial to strike a balance between the depth of experience and the breadth of interpretation.By implementing a more systematic design of communication systems,these museums can help visitors develop higher levels of cognition and value judgment.