云南省全向开放的区位优势与门户腹地研究

Research on the Region and Location Advantages and the Gateway Hinterlands of Omnidirectional Opening up for Yunnan Province

云南省是我国面向东南亚和南亚开放的前沿区域,全向开放的区位优势判别和腹地范围划分有助于明晰云南省对外开放与合作的战略重点。昆明是门户型中心城市,具备全向开放的区位优势,红河、楚雄、玉溪具有定向开放的区位优势,楚雄、玉溪、大理、曲靖、普洱、西双版纳具有非定向开放的区位优势。定向开放门户中,中越门户群的腹地包括滇中、滇东北、滇东南,中缅门户群的腹地包括滇西、滇西北、滇西南,中老门户群的腹地包括普洱东部和西双版纳东部。面向越南开放的河口、金水河口岸,面向缅甸开放的瑞丽、畹町、打洛口岸,面向老挝开放的勐康口岸是优选定向开放门户;长水机场、三义机场和思茅港是主要的非定向开放门户。明确开放开发轴线、优化交通设施布局、提升口岸门户功能是云南省对外开放与合作提质增效的可行策略。

Yunnan province is the frontier region of China s opening up to Southeast Asia and South Asia,and distinguishing the region and location advantages of omnidirectional opening up and dividing the hinterland range can help to clarify the strategic focus on opening up to the outside world and cooperation for Yunnan province.Kunming is a gateway-type central city with the region and location advantages of omnidirectional opening up to the outside;Honghe,Chuxiong and Yuxi have the region and location advantages of directional opening up;Chuxiong,Yuxi,Dali,Qujing,Pu er and Xishuangbanna have the region and location advantages of non-directional opening up.The hinterlands of the gateways with directional opening up include the center,northeast,and southeast of Yunnan in the Sino-Vietnamese gateway group,the west,northwest,and southwest of Yunnan in the Sino-Myanmar gateway group,and the east of Pu er and the east of Xishuangbanna in the Sino-Laos gateway group.Ports such as Hekou and Jinshuihe between China and Vietnam,Ruili,Wanding and Daluo between China and Myanmar,and Mengkang between China and Laos are the preferred ports directional opening up;Changshui and Sanyi airports and Simao port are the gateways non-directional opening up.Defining the axis of opening up and development,optimizing the layout of transportation facilities,and enhancing the gateway function of ports are feasible strategies for Yunnan province to improve the quality and efficiency of opening up to the outside world and cooperation.