我国个人养老金制度发展:现实逻辑、问题与优化

The Development of China s Private Pension System:Realistic Logic,Problems and Optimization

个人养老金制度的建立标志着我国补齐了养老保险体系第三支柱的短板,对于满足人民群众日益增长的多样化养老需要、增进民生福祉具有重要意义。人口老龄化严重、养老金资产结构不平衡、养老金缺口大等现实迫使我国必须发展个人养老金制度。自2022年11月启动实施以来,我国个人养老金制度运行平稳,但参与人数、缴费和投资金额仍有较大提升空间,在税收优惠、资金流动性、产品供给、配套体系建设和宣传教育等方面仍存在不足,需在体制机制建设、产品服务创新、投资者教育等方面下功夫,才能不断提升民众缴费和投资的积极性,推动个人养老金制度的可持续发展。

The establishment of the private pension system marks the completion of the institutional shortcomings of China s third pillar of pension insurance system,which is critical for meeting the people s growing diverse elderly care needs and improving their well-being.The realities of a rapidly aging population,an imbalanced pension asset structure and a significant pension gap have compelled China to create a private pension system.China s private pension system has been smoothly running since its implementation began in November 2022,but there is still significant room for improvement in terms of the number of participants,payments and investment amounts.In tax incentives,fund liquidity,product supply,supporting system construction,and publicity and education,there are still areas where the private pension system falls short.It is necessary to make efforts in the areas of continuously institutional mechanism construction,product service innovation and investor education.Only then can the public s enthusiasm for payment and investment be sustained,and the sustainable development of the private pension system be promoted.