农地三权分置的产业振兴功能及其法治保障

On the Industrial Revitalization Function and Its Legal Guarantee of the Three Rights of Rural Land

随着乡村人口的持续减少和“60后”职业农民的老龄化,农村土地的经营必须走向规模经营与特色经营。目前法律与政策提供的耕地三权分置与宅基地三权分置都是促成这种趋势的制度供给。三权分置的法理立足点是将土地产权由“特权”变为“通权”,由封闭的成员权变成开放的自由交易的产权。三权分置的实质功能在于解放土地生产力,解放农村劳动者生产力,解放农业产业化生产力。因此,要想实现乡村产业振兴,必须为这种土地产权的交易和使用提供法治保障,实现交易安全和经营稳定。建议通过地方立法和全面落实土地产权登记及权属证书制度,为土地的规模经营与特色经营奠定坚实的土地产权基础。

With the continuous reduction of the rural population and the aging of the 1960s generation of farmers,the management of rural land must move towards scale management and characteristic management.The separation of three rights of cultivated land and the separation of three rights of homestead provided by the current laws and policies are the institutional supplies that contribute to this trend.The legal standpoint of the separation of three rights is to change the land property rights from"privileges"to"common rights",and from closed membership rights to open property rights for free trade.The virtual function of the three rights is to liberate land productivity,rural laborers'productivity and agricultural industrialization productivity.Therefore,in order to realize the revitalization of rural industries,it is necessary to provide legal protection for the transaction and use of such land property rights,so as to achieve transaction security and operational stability.It is suggested to lay a solid land property foundation for the large-scale and characteristic management of land through local legislation and the full implementation of the land property right registration and ownership certificate system.