福建省听障儿童随班就读现状调查研究

A Survey on the Current Situation of Hearing-Impaired Children in Regular Classes in Fujian Province

目的对福建省9个地市572名4~18岁随班就读听障儿童听觉言语发展、学习情况、兴趣爱好、心理健康等现状进行调查分析,探索随班就读听障儿童的发展规律,为随班就读指导提供依据。方法通过问卷星向听障儿童、家长及教师进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。结果76.4%的家长持续给孩子做听力检测,62.4%的家长持续进行家庭康复训练;同一调查对象在3个时间点的听觉言语评估结果存在显著差异(P=0.000<0.05);听障儿童对美术感兴趣的人数占比最多,学习美术科目最轻松;听障儿童整体心理状态良好,在青春期有波动,存在人际交往压力的原因主要是听说能力及沟通技巧问题。结论应持续做好随班就读听障儿童的听力检测及听觉言语康复训练,充分发挥其功能代偿作用,积极开发潜能,注重补齐短板,不可忽略心理健康教育。

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of auditory and speech development,learning status,interests,and mental health of 572 hearing-impaired children aged 4-18 years old in regular classes in nine cities of Fujian Province,and to explore the development patterns of hearing-impaired children in regular classes,in order to provide guidance for regular classes.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted on hearing-impaired children,parents,and teachers using SPSS 27.0 software for statistical analysis.Results 76.4%of parents had continuous hearing tests,and 62.4%of parents continue to receire home rehabilitaion training;The paired test of auditory and speech assessment results for the same survey subject at three time points showed a significant difference(P=0.000<0.05);The proportion of people interested in art is the highest,and studying art subjects is the easiest;The overall mental health status is good,with fluctuations during adolescence.The main reasons for interpersonal pressure are issues with listening and speaking abilities and communication skills.Conclusion We should continue to do a good job in hearing test and auditory speech rehabilitation training for hearing-impaired children in regular classes,fully utilize the role of functional compensation,actively develop their potential,and pay attention to filling in the gaps,while not neglect their mental health.