基于GIS与AHP分析法的单叶蔷薇生态适宜性评价

Ecological Suitability Evaluation of Rosa persica Based on GIS and AHP Analysis

生态适宜性评价可了解自然资源的生态潜力和发展制约因素。根据单叶蔷薇的生物学特性,结合研究区气候资源时空分布特征,以新疆塔城4县市(塔城市、托里县、额敏县、裕民县)为研究区域,选取土地利用类型、海拔、年均温度、最冷季度平均温度、年均降雨量、最干月份降水量、土壤pH值、距道路距离、距河流距离9个因子作为生态适宜性评价指标,生态适宜性因子权重通过层次分析法(AHP)确定,基于地理信息系统(GIS)对单叶蔷薇的气候生态适宜性及空间分布进行了分析。结果表明:研究区内单叶蔷薇生态适宜性总体良好,极适宜、高适宜区域呈现以塔额盆地为分布的中心,南部山地西南坡有少数分布的特点,极、高、中、低适宜区分别占比30.7%、23.8%、36.9%、8.6%。采用这种方法,能快速有效地解构单叶蔷薇的野外分布适宜区,为保护单叶蔷薇、增加其栖息地提供依据。

The assessment of ecological suitability allows to understand the ecological potential and development constraints of natural resources.According to the biological characteristics of Rosa persica,combined with the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of climatic resources in the study area,four counties and cities in Tacheng,Toli,Emin and Yumin counties were selected as the study area in this study.Nine factors(land use types,altitude,mean annual temperature,mean temperature of coldest quarter,precipitation of driest month,annual precipitation,soil pH,distance from road and distance from river)are used as index to evaluate ecological suitability.The weighting of factors for ecological suitability was determined by hierarchical analysis(AHP),and the climatic ecological suitability and spatial distribution of R.persica were analyzed using a geographic information system(GIS).The results showed that the overall ecological suitability of R.persica in the study area was good,and the extremely suitable and highly suitable areas showed the distribution in the center of the Ta'er basin,with some distributions on the southwest slope of the southern mountains,30.7%,23.8%,36.9%,and 8.6%of the extreme,high,medium,and low suitability zones,respectively.This method can quickly and effectively deconstruct the suitable areas for the distribution of R.persica and provide a basis for the conservation and increase of its habitat.