区位商视角下我国油茶产业集聚水平评价分析

Evaluation of Oil-tea Industry Cluster Level in China from the Perspective of Location Quotient

产业集聚指同一产业在某个特定地理区域内高度集中、产业资本要素在空间范围内不断汇聚的过程,既是衡量一个产业专业化程度的重要手段,也是优化区域经济结构的重要途径。基于此视角,文中以油茶产业为切入点,对近年来我国油茶生产和油茶产业发展现状进行描述分析,借助区位商工具方法对2010-2020年我国油茶主产区15个省(区、市)的油茶产业集聚水平进行定量测度,结果显示:我国油茶产业整体集聚发展水平较高,具有一定持续性特征,多年来均处于大于1的水平;但产业集聚发展的扩散效应呈下降态势,产业专业化发展和集聚发展动力不足,油茶产业呈“大集中、小分散”的典型特征,油茶产业集聚发展状况存在十分显著的地区差异性特征。在此基础上,提出促进油茶产业集聚水平提高的4点建议:1)政企联合,加大对于油茶产业的投资力度;2)创立品牌,加大宣传力度;3)打造特有的油茶食用油生产技术;4)继续探索具有突出特色和优异性能的油茶优良品种。

Industrial cluster,a process in which the same industry is highly centralized in a certain geographic area and the industrial capital factors continuously converge in the space extent,is an important means to measure the degree of specialization of an industry and optimize the regional economic structure.From this perspective,the paper takes the oil-tea industry as an entry point to describe and analyze the current state of oil-tea production and oil-tea industry development in China in recent years,and uses the method of location quotient to conduct quantitative measurement of the oil-tea industry cluster level in 15 provinces and autonomous regions,which are the main production area.The results show that the oil-tea industry in China has enjoyed a high industry cluster level(>1)for many years,with the characteristics of certain continuity.But the industry clustering development shows a downward trend in terms of the diffusion effect,providing insufficient impetus to industrial specialization and clustering.The oil-tea industry presents a typical feature of“concentration of large fraction and dispersion of small fraction”and the clustering development of the oil-tea industry is characterized with significant regional differences.Suggestions are put forward for facilitating the improvement of the oil-tea industry cluster level,including:1)Government and enterprises should make joint effort to increase the investment in the oil-tea industry;2)Brands should be established and promoted by strengthening the publicity;3)Specific technology should be developed for the production of edible tea oil;and 4)Efforts should continue to be taken to breed the varieties and cultivars with prominent features and excellent performance.