三江平原地下水补给利用研究现状与进展

Research Status and Progress of Groundwater Recharge and Utilization in Sanjiang Plain

近几十年来大规模冻土退化极大影响了冻土区地下水动态。以黑龙江省三江平原季节性冻土区为例,结合2000~2020年的文献研究及数据,分析了气候变化及冻土退化对地下水系统的影响,总结归纳了地下水开发利用现状及存在的问题。结果表明:①暖化效应及人为干预影响下使三江平原冻土退化,虽增加了区域径流量并促进地下水补给,但也加重了地下水污染。②降雨入渗补给为地下水补给最主要来源,约占地下水补给总量的3/4,暴雨等极端降水使地下水储量明显增加。③三江平原地下水开采量呈逐年上升趋势,超采问题十分严峻。④如何设计地下水保护体系是未来需要解决的主要课题,必要时可增加自动监测系统的建设,减少人力资源支出,从而提高效率。

In recent decades,large-scale permafrost degradation has greatly affected the groundwater dynamics in the frozen soil area.Taking the seasonal frozen soil area of Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province as an example,based on the research and data of many scholars from 2000 to 2020,this paper analyzes the impacts of climate changes and permafrost degradation on groundwater system,and summarizes the current situation and existing problems of groundwater development and utilization.The results show that:①Under the influence of warming effect and human intervention,the frozen soil in the Sanjiang Plain is degraded,which increases regional runoff and promotes groundwater recharge,but also aggravates groundwater pollution.②Rainfall infiltration recharge is the main source of groundwater recharge,covering about 3/4 of the total groundwater recharge.Extreme precipitation such as rainstorm significantly increases groundwater reserves.③Groundwater extraction in Sanjiang Plain is increasing year by year,and the problem of overextraction is very serious.④How to design groundwater protection system is the main topic to be solved in the future.If necessary,the construction of automatic monitoring system can be increased to reduce human resource expenditure,so as to improve efficiency.