油茶壳-鸡粪堆肥化发酵特性及其腐熟度评价

Fermentation Characteristics and Maturity Evaluation of Camellia oleifera Shell and Chicken Manure Composting

采用好氧堆肥方式,研究油茶壳-鸡粪堆肥过程中温度、pH值、CEC、C/N、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、GI等指标变化,并选取高温持续时间、C/N降幅、种子发芽指数为评价指标,运用灰色关联分析法对堆肥的腐熟度进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)添加鸡粪和有机物料腐熟剂能够加快油茶壳堆肥腐熟进程,其最高温度、高温持续时间、pH值、CEC均高于对照(纯油茶壳);(2)对照和油茶壳-鸡粪2个处理的C/N均随堆肥进程逐渐下降,试验结束时2个处理的C/N分别为75和12,降幅分别达到了37.0%和58.6%;(3)与对照处理的NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和GI变化平缓不同,油茶壳-鸡粪处理NH_(4)^(+)-N在堆肥前期较高,中后期显著降低,N、NO_(3)^(-)-N则随发酵进程总体上呈上升趋势,且发酵后GI较高,对植物毒性较小;(4)灰色关联分析结果显示,油茶壳-鸡粪堆肥经过48d后达到完全腐熟,而对照未腐熟。综上所述,添加鸡粪和有机物料腐熟剂能有效提高堆体微生物活性,加速堆肥进程,使物料达到更好的腐熟效果。

This study adopted the aerobic composting method to study effects of adding chicken manure and microbial agent on fermentation characteristics of the Camellia oleifera shell composting.Changes of indicators of temperature,pH value,CEC,C/N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and GI were monitored during the composting process.And the duration of high temperature,C/N ratio decrement and seed germination index were selected as evaluation indicators to evaluate composting maturity by using grey correlation analysis.The results showed that:(1)The composting process could be accelerated by chicken manure and microbial agent addition.And the maximum temperature,duration of high temperature,pH and CEC were higher than those of the control(Camellia oleifera shell composting alone).(2)During composting,the C/N ratios of the two treatments decreased gradually,down to 75(the control)and 12,respectively at the end of composting,and the decrement reached 37.0%(the control)and 58.6%,respectively.(3)Different from the levels of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and GI of the control treatment changing gently,the level of NH_(4)^(+)-N of Camellia oleifera shell-chicken manure treatment was higher in the early composting stage and then significantly decreased in the middle and late composting stages.On the other hand,the level of NO_(3)^(-)-N showed an overall rising trend during the fermentation process,and GI was increased,indicating a lower phytotoxicity.(4)Grey correlation analysis results showed that Camellia oleifera shell-chicken manure composting reached the standard of complete maturity after 48 days fermentation,while the control group was immature grade.In summary,adding chicken manure and microbial agent could effectively improve microbial activity and accelerate the composting process,thus facilitating a better composting maturity of raw mertials.