论诉讼中个人信息的保护

How Personal Information Protection Applies to Civil Litigation

2021年《个人信息保护法》的施行,触发了诉讼过程中的自然人信息保护问题。诉讼法中的秘密保护本围绕隐私权而建构,在保护范围、保护方式、保护规则上恐怕难以适应数据化时代的需求。个人信息保护导入诉讼程序,首先应排除依附型导入这一选项,在明确个人信息保护与隐私保护差异的基础上,确定诉讼中独立建构个人信息保护框架的必要性。其次,个人信息导入诉讼的路径,理论上既有强调司法机关职责的国家义务模式,也有强调信息主体权的个人赋权模式,而前者更为契合个人信息保护的宗旨。最后,诉讼中个人信息保护的具体规则设计是一个依赖场景化分析的问题,在在线庭审、庭审直播和裁判文书网上公开这三种导入场景中,旧有的秘密保护规定都有进一步调整完善的必要。

The implementation of the Personal Information Protection Law in 2021 triggered the protection of personal information in the litigation process.The protection of secrets in the procedural law is originally constructed around the right to privacy,and it may be difficult to meet the needs of the data era in terms of the scope and method of protection.When introducing personal information protection into litigation procedures,it is first necessary to determine the necessity of independently constructing a personal information protection framework on the basis of clarifying the differences between personal information protection and privacy protection.Secondly,the path of personal information into litigation theoretically includes both the national obligation model that emphasizes the duties of judicial organs and the individual empowerment model that emphasizes the rights of information subjects,and the former is a choice that suits the purpose of personal information protection.Finally,the application of personal information relies on scenario-based analysis,and the old secret protection provisions need to be further adjusted and improved in the three scenarios:online court hearings,live trial broadcasts and online disclosure of judgment documents.