豫西长期不同耕作下土壤肥力质量评价

Evaluation of soil fertility quality under long-term different tillage measures in western Henan

基于河南洛阳长期定位试验(1999—2021年),分析不同耕作措施对土壤化学和生物性状的影响,采用隶属度函数和主成分分析法计算土壤肥力质量综合指数,评估豫西长期不同耕作制度下土壤肥力差异。选取传统耕作(CT)、免耕(NT)、深松(SS)和小麦-花生轮作(TC)共4个耕作处理,采集0~20和20~40 cm的土壤,测定土壤有机碳等指标,分析不同耕作对土壤肥力质量的影响。结果表明:(1)与传统耕作相比,免耕、深松和小麦-花生轮作处理显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮和速效钾含量,降低了土壤全磷和有效磷含量;而在20~40 cm土层小麦-花生轮作和传统耕作土壤养分含量更高。(2)相比于传统耕作,免耕显著提升了0~20 cm土层微生物量碳含量19.14%;免耕和深松显著提高了0~20 cm土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶的活性;小麦-花生轮作土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、碱性磷酸酶酶活性最高。(3)4种耕作措施下0~20 cm土壤肥力质量综合指数从大到小的排序为小麦-花生轮作>免耕>深松>传统耕作,20~40 cm土层为小麦-花生轮作>传统耕作>深松>免耕。综上所述,免耕和深松提高了表层土壤有机碳等指标,改善了土壤肥力质量,小麦与豆科作物轮作也提升了土壤肥力质量。因此,与传统耕作相比,在豫西开展保护性耕作可以有效改善土壤质量。

Based on the long-term positioning experiment in Luoyang,Henan(1999-2021),the effects of different tillage measures on soil chemical and biological properties were analyzed,the comprehensive index of soil fertility and quality was calculated by membership function and principal component analysis,and to further evaluate the long-term differences in soil fertility between different farming systems in western Henan.Four tillage treatments including traditional tillage(CT),no-tillage(NT),subsoiling(SS)and wheat-peanut rotation(TC)were selected.Soil samples of 0~20 and 0~40 cm were collected and soil organic carbon and other indicators were determined to analyze the effect of different tillage treatments on soil fertility and quality.The results showed that:(1)Compared with CT,the treatments of NT,SS and TC significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and available potassium,and decreased the contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the 0~20 cm soil layer.However,in the 20~40 cm soil layer,the soil nutrient content was higher in TC and CT treatments.(2)Compared with CT,NT significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon content of 0~20 cm soil layer by 19.14%.NT and SS significantly increased the activity of leucine aminopeptidase in 0~20 cm soil layer.Theβ-glucosidase,β-cellobiosidase,β-xylosidase,acetylglucosaminidase,leucine aminopeptidase,and alkaline phosphatase in the soil of TC had the highest enzymatic activities.(3)The comprehensive index of soil fertility quality of 0~20 cm under the four tillage measures was in descending order of TC>NT>SS>CT,and the 20~40 cm soil layer was TC>CT>SS>NT.To sum up,no-tillage and subsoiling improved topsoil organic carbon and other indicators,and the quality of soil fertility was improved,and the rotation of wheat and legume crops also improved the quality of soil fertility.Therefore,compared with traditional tillage,conservation tillage in western Henan can effectively improve soil quality.