燃料电池汽车冷启动预热性能研究

Research on Cold Start-up Preheating Performance of Fuel Cell Vehicle

为了提高燃料电池汽车的低温启动能力,在冷却液流路上安装了加热器并研究了预热系统的温度和换热量的性能。采用多孔介质方法对双极板三维波纹流道的换热性能进行了CFD仿真,研究了流道内部冷却液和空气的温度场分布规律;探究了不同工作条件下的换热量以及波纹流道结构参数的换热量的影响权重。通过低温舱的风洞实验表明采用预热系统后电堆能够在-25℃成功启动,并且启动电流越大,启动的时间越短。不采用外部加热系统,电堆只能在-5℃成功启动,而在-20℃下燃料电池电堆仅仅运行100s就停止工作。

In order to improve the low-temperature start-up capability of fuel cell vehicle,a heater was installed on the coolant flow path and the temperature and heat transfer performance of the preheating system were studied.The CFD simulation of the heat transfer performance of the three-dimensional corrugated flow channel of the bipolar plate was carried out using the porous media method.The distribution law of the temperature field of coolant and air in the flow channel was studied.The influence weights of the heat exchange amount under different working conditions and the heat exchange amount of the corrugated flow channel structure parameters are explored.The wind tunnel experiment of the low-temperature cabin shows that the stack can be successfully started at-25℃after the preheating system is used,and the greater the starting current,the shorter the starting time.Without the use of an external heating system,the stack can only be successfully started at-5℃,while at-20℃the stack will stop working after only 100 seconds of operation.