高海拔密闭增压建筑特殊消防设计与人员疏散评估

Special Fire Protection Design and Evacuation Assessment of High Altitude Closed Pressurized Building

高海拔密闭增压建筑对于缓解人们的高原反应,提高出行和工作体验具有重要的意义。然而,由于该类建筑工艺流程的特殊性,以及高海拔条件下火灾发展和疏散行为的复杂性,使其跟常规建筑的火灾风险和安全疏散存在显著的差异性。基于特殊防火设计方法,以某高海拔密闭增压建筑为例,通过危险源辨识、事故树分析,以最不利原则建立火灾场景,采用数值模拟方式进行了人员疏散安全性分析和火灾蔓延安全性分析,提出采用自闭功能的防火门、增设逃生窗和挡烟垂壁等解决策略,从而降低该类建筑的火灾风险,提高了消防安全性,可以为高海拔密闭增压建筑的推广应用提供参考。

Due to the particularity of High-altitude closed pressurized buildings process and the complexity of fire development and evacuation behavior under high altitude conditions,there are significant differences in fire risk and safe evacuation between this kind of building and conventional buildings.Based on the special fire protection design method,taking a high-altitude closed pressurized building as an example,through the hazard identification and fault tree analysis,the fire scene was established with the most unfavorable principle.The numerical simulation method was used to analyze the safety of personnel evacuation and fire spread.The solution strategies such as the use of self-closing fire doors,the addition of escape windows and smoke-proof vertical walls were proposed to reduce the fire risk of such buildings and improve the fire safety,which can provide reference for the promotion and application of high-altitude closed pressurized buildings.