算法时代版权过滤机制的私人创制路径探索

Exploration on Private Ordering of Copyright Filtering Mechanism in the Algorithm Era

作为算法时代应对大规模线上版权侵权的治理方案,版权过滤机制在我国以长短视频冲突为代表的司法实践中长期处于争议状态,其根本原因在于过滤机制的法定化困境与算法技术能力的判定标准不明。通过梳理版权过滤机制的创制历史可以发现,版权过滤并非法定义务,而是产业主体博弈的结果,既体现着权利人寻求“避风港规则”优化的实践策略,也契合了平台降低诉讼成本和获取新兴商业利益的诉求。如果强制推进过滤义务的法定化,不但有悖版权过滤机制的本质属性,更将割裂权利人与平台之间根据市场情势自主选择侵权处理策略的互利关系。我国“避风港规则”的合理变革趋势,应以互联网平台为核心,实现对过滤机制私人实践的引导,在承认转授权合法性的基础上,充分尊重产业实践选择从而化解版权领域的合作障碍。

As a way to deal with large-scale online copyright infringement in the algorithm era,copyright filtering mechanism has long been in controversy in the judicial practice represented by short and long video conflicts in China.The root cause of the above situation lies in the dilemma of making the copyright filtering mechanism legally mandatory and the unclear criterion for judging the technical ability of algorithm.By combing the history of the creation of copyright filtering mechanism,we can find that copyright filtering is not a compulsory obligation,but a result of gaming of industrial subjects.It not only indicates the strategy of optimizing"safe harbor rules"by the right holder,but also conforms to the platforms demand for reducing litigation costs and obtaining new commercial profit.If the legislature imposes a statutory filtering obligation,it will not only violate the essential attribute of copyright filtering mechanism,but also cut off the mutual beneficial relationship between the right holder and the platform to choose their own way to resolve infringement based on the market situation.The reasonable reform direction of safe harbor rules in China should take the Internet platform as the core to guide private ordering of filtering mechanism and fully respect the choice of the industry on the basis of recognizing the legality of sub-license,so that the obstacles in copyright cooperation could be tackled.