全承载式客车车身结构拓扑优化设计

Topology optimization design of monocoque bus body structure

以全承载式低地板公交车车身结构为研究对象,在水平弯曲工况下,以应力为约束条件,建立结构质量最小为目标函数的拓扑优化模型。通过变密度法对客车车身结构进行拓扑优化计算,得出了车身载荷的传递路径。为了验证拓扑优化具有可靠性,根据优化结果布置材料,设计出一款车身骨架结构,在水平弯曲工况下对该车身结构进行有限元静力分析,得出结构的最大应力和变形量。经过比较,车身的强度、刚度满足设计要求,说明了该拓扑优化结构具有可行性。

The full-load low-floor bus body structure was taken as the research object.Under the horizontal bending condition,with the stress as the constraint condition,a topology optimization model with the minimum structural mass as the objective function was established.The topology optimization calculation of the bus body structure was carried out by the variable density method,and the transmission path of the body load was obtained.In order to verify the reliability of topology optimization,materials were arranged according to the optimization results,and a body frame structure was designed.The finite element static analysis of the body structure was carried out under the horizontal bending condition,and the maximum stress and deformation of the body structure were obtained.After comparison,the strength and stiffness of the body meet the design requirements,which shows that the topology optimization structure is feasible.