基于健康信念模式的健康宣教对中老年膝关节置换术后患者膝关节功能恢复及锻炼依从性的影响

Effect of Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Knee Function Recovery and Exercise Compliance in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients after Knee Arthroplasty

目的:探讨基于健康信念模式(HBM)的健康宣教对中老年膝关节置换术后患者膝关节功能恢复及功能锻炼依从性的影响。方法:选取2019年1月—2020年7月贵州航天医院收治的96例行膝关节置换术治疗的中老年患者作为研究对象,按照随机分组法分为对照组和研究组,每组各48例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组在常规护理基础上实施基于健康信念模式的健康宣教护理干预。比较两组患者功能锻炼依从性和膝关节功能评分。结果:研究组患者功能锻炼依从率为95.83%,明显高于对照组的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.507,P<0.05)。术前,两组患者膝关节评分量表(HSS)各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月随访,研究组HSS量表各维度评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对中老年膝关节置换术后患者实施基于HBM的健康宣教护理干预,能够显著强化遵医行为,提高患者功能锻炼依从性,提升患者膝关节功能恢复水平,改善预后。

Objective:To investigate the effect of health belief model(HBM) based health education on knee function recovery and functional exercise compliance in middle-aged and elderly patients after knee arthroplasty.Methods:A total of 96 middle-aged and elderly patients who were treated with knee arthroplasty from January 2019 to July 2020 were selected for the study,and each group was divided into a control group and a study group according to the randomized grouping method,with 48 cases in each group.The control group implemented conventional care,and the study group implemented health education nursing intervention based on the health belief model on top of conventional care.The compliance with functional exercise and knee function score were compared between the two groups.Results:The compliance rate of functional exercise in the study group was 95.83%,which was significantly higher than 83.33% of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.507,P<0.05).Preoperatively,there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each dimension of the HSS scale between the two groups(P>0.05).At the 6-month postoperative follow-up,the HSS scale scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group in all dimensions,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of HBM-based health education nursing interventions for middle-aged and elderly patients after knee arthroplasty can significantly strengthen compliance behaviors,improve patients' compliance with functional exercises,enhance their knee function recovery level,and improve their prognosis.