政治经济学范式视阈下的利润率趋向下降规律——兼评置盐定理对社会总资本再生产理论的系统偏离

The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall from the Perspective of Political Economy Paradigm-Also on the Systematic Deviation of Okishio Theorem to the Theory of Total Social Capital Reproduction

围绕置盐定理展开的争论,是马克思主义政治经济学界研究利润率趋向下降规律的重要内容。置盐定理从资本理性行为这一微观基础出发,论证了成本节约型技术进步引发一般利润率上升的结论。与马克思的分析不同,置盐定理略过了资本积累与社会消费的对抗性矛盾,社会总资本运动被静态剪裁为瞬时的一般均衡,技术进步的方向和社会总产品价值实现困境等关键因素随之被排除在分析框架之外。对照置盐定理的简化逻辑,马克思的利润率趋向下降规律展现了生产力进步与资本主义生产关系间的矛盾运动,它是《资本论》鸿篇巨制中理论建模的集成性典范,在马克思主义政治经济学研究中发挥着“范式”功能。

The debate surrounding Okishio Theorem is an important element in the study of the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in Marxist political economy.Starting from the micro foundation of the rational behavior of capital,Okishio Theorem argues for the conclusion that cost-saving technological progress triggers an increase in the general rate of profit.Different from Marx's analysis,Okishio Theorem omits the antagonistic contradiction between capital accumulation and social consumption,and the movement of total social capital is statically tailored to an instantaneous general equilibrium,with the key factors such as the direction of technological progress and the dilemma of realizing the value of the total social product being excluded from the analytical framework.Against the simplified logic of Okishio Theorem,Marx's law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall shows the contradictory movement between the progress of the productive forces and the capitalist relations of production,which is an epitome of theoretical modeling in the masterwork of Das kapitai,and plays the function of a"paradigm"in the study of Marxist political economy.