燃料电池质子交换膜研究现状与展望

Research status and prospects of proton exchange membrane for fuel cell

质子交换膜燃料电池是目前研究的热点之一,研究方向包括提高燃料电池效率、减少成本、提高耐久性等。作为质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,质子交换膜性能的好坏直接影响燃料电池的性能与寿命。文中首先概述了燃料电池质子交换膜的工作原理。随后,总结了燃料电池质子交换膜的分类,主要分为全氟磺酸质子交换膜、部分氟化聚合物质子交换膜、复合质子交换膜以及非氟化聚合物质子交换膜四大类,同时还简述了质子交换膜的制备工艺。最后,介绍了燃料电池质子交换膜的优化方案,主要包括有机/无机纳米复合质子交换膜、改进质子交换膜的骨架材料、调整质子交换膜的内部结构、机械增强型质子交换膜以及自增湿型质子交换膜。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is one of the hot spots of current research,which includes improving fuel cell efficiency,reducing cost,improving durability,and so on.As the core component of proton exchange membrane for fuel cell,the performance and service life of fuel cell is directly determined by the proton exchange membrane.In this paper,firstly,the working principle of the proton exchange membrane for fuel cell was surveyed.Then,the classification of the proton exchange membrane for fuel cell were summarized,which is mainly divided into four categories:perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane,partially fluorinated polymer proton exchange membrane,composite proton exchange membrane,and non fluorinated polymer proton exchange membrane.At the same time,the preparation process of proton exchange membrane is also briefly described.Finally,the optimization scheme of the proton exchange membrane for fuel cell was introduced,including organic/inorganic nanocomposite proton exchange membrane,improvement of proton exchange membrane framework material,adjustment of proton exchange membrane internal structure,mechanically enhanced proton exchange membrane,and self humidifying proton exchange membrane.