可携权在商业数据保护中的失衡与矫治

Weakness and Correction of the Right to Portability in Commercial Data Protection

就可携权与商业数据保护之间的冲突,既有探讨多秉承企业基于商业投入形成的数据权益应受保护的观点,主张对可携权进行限制。此种模式虽能保护企业数据利益,但无助于发挥可携权旨在降低个人转换平台成本、促进市场竞争的制度功用。可携权保护私益的同时也承载着公共目标。应在公私法协同治理的语境下重新审视可携权的功能定位,并对可携权所涉利益冲突进行再平衡。可携权的公益促进面向决定了可携带的数据范围在特定情况下应有所扩张,私益保护属性则要求对数据接收者进行必要限制从而保护数据控制者的商业利益。应区分用户自主携带数据的行为和大规模数据转移行为,并将数据接收者处理数据的目的限定在特定范围,从而矫治可携权在商业数据保护中的失衡状态。

As regards to the conflicts between the right to portability and the protection of commercial data,most of the discussions have drawn the conclusion that the data generated by enterprises based on commercial inputs should be protected as a priority,and the right to portability needs to be restricted.Although this model can protect the interests of enterprises’data in a conservative manner,it is not conducive to the institutional function of the right to portability,which aims to reduce the cost of transferring platforms for individuals and promote market competition.The right to portability,as a private interest protection system,also carries public objectives.It is important to re-examine the function of the right to portability in the context of public-private law governance and to rebalance the conflicting interests involved in the right to portability.In terms of public interest promotion,the scope of data that can be transmitted should be expanded under certain circumstances,while in terms of private interest protection,the commercial interests of the data controller should be protected by imposing necessary restrictions on the recipient of the data.The weakness in the commercial data protection of the right to portability should be effectively remedied by distinguishing between the autonomous data transmitting by users and the mass data transmitting,and by limiting the purpose of data processing of recipients to a specific scope.