北京冬奥会场馆赛后运营及能源再利用机制研究

Stadium Post-event Operation and Energy Reuse Mechanism of Beijing Winter Olympics

北京2022年冬季奥运会已落下帷幕,“后冬奥”时代将面临世界性难题即场馆赛后利用的问题。通过调研前三届冬奥会,发现温哥华冬奥通过场馆改造进行多元化可持续发展;索契冬奥因前期过度投入,场馆建设成本回收困难;平昌冬奥冰上场馆地理位置偏僻,场馆赛后的使用率较低、运营赤字严重。“双碳”背景下,北京冬奥在能源再利用和场馆赛后运营方面,采取了二氧化碳跨临界直冷制冰、引水造雪系统水资源再利用、场馆社区服务化转型、“PPP合资运营模式”等创新举措。以前三届冬奥为鉴,北京冬奥应坚持多元化可持续发展、积极开发冰雪体育旅游项目、平衡冬奥赛后利益关系,开拓具有中国特色的绿色低碳“后冬奥”模式。

The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has come to an end,and the"Post-Winter Olympics"era will face a worldwide challenge,namely the use of Olympic stadiums after the event.By investigating the previous three Winter Olympics,we found that the Vancouver Winter Olympics achieved diversified and sustainable development through venue transformation.Whereas,the Sochi Winter Olympics faced challenges in recovering construction cost of venues due to the early overspending.The ice-event stadiums of Pyeongchang Winter Olympics are located at a remote city,resulting in a low reuse rate and an operating deficit after the Olympics.Against the backdrop of"Dual-Carbon Goals"(realizing carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060)in China,the Beijing Winter Olympics adopted innovative measures,such as cross-critical COz cooling for ice making,water resources reuse of diversion snowmaking system,community-service-based transformation of venues,and"PPP joint venture model",for the energy reuse mechanism and post-event operation of stadiums.Drawing lessons from the previous three Winter Olympics,Beijing should adhere to a diversified and sustainable development,actively develop ice and snow sports tourism projects,and balance the post-Olympics interests,to explore a green and low-carbon"Post-Winter Olympics"development mode with Chinese characteristics.