不同施肥方式对甘蓝生长、产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of different fertilization methods on soil enzyme activity and growth,yield,quality of cabbage

为明确减施化肥、配施有机肥在湖北地区露地甘蓝生产中的应用效果及其可行性,以奥奇娜甘蓝为试验材料,采取随机区组试验,按照减施化肥20%~30%,配施有机肥2250 kg·hm^(-2)及1次追肥和2次追肥等处理,研究不同施肥方式对甘蓝产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥(CK2)相比,减施化肥20%、配施有机肥,在莲座期和包心期分别追尿素(T3)时商品产量增加24.79%;甘蓝叶球可溶性糖、维生素C含量分别提高6.55%和4.88%;减少化肥施用量30%、配施有机肥(T4),氮、磷、钾利用率分别提高110.24%、143.21%和95.14%。配施有机肥土壤中磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶这三种酶的活性都总体优于未施有机肥处理。综合分析可知,化肥1200 kg·hm^(-2)配施有机肥2250 kg·hm^(-2)可以有效促进甘蓝生长、增加产量、优化品质、增强土壤酶活性、提高土壤肥力,可作为湖北甘蓝生产的推荐施肥模式。

In order to make clear the application effect and feasibility of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing organic fertilizer in the production of cabbage in open field in Hubei province,the cabbage cultivar Aoqina was used as the test material,and a randomized block trial to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,yield and quality of cabbage in open field with reducing chemical fertilizer application by 20%-30%,increasing organic fertilizer application by 2250 kg·hm^(-2)and applying chemical fertilizer topdressing once or twice.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization(CK2),the commodity output increased by 24.79%,which reduce application of compound fertilizer by 20%,increase application of organic and in the rosette stage and the pericardium stage when topdressing urea(T3),and the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C increased by 6.55%and 4.88%respectively,and the utilization rates of N,P and K(T4)increased by 110.24%,143.21%and 95.14%,respectively.The activities of phosphatase,sucrase and urease in soil treated with organic fertilizer were better than those treated without organic fertilizer.According to comprehensive analysis,1200 kg·hm^(-2)chemical fertilizer and 2250 kg·hm^(-2)organic fertilizer can effectively promote cabbage growth,increase yield,optimize quality,improve soil enzyme activity and enhance soil fertility,it can be used as a recommended fertilization model for cabbage production in Hubei province.