老年糖尿病足患者自我防护意识对并发症的影响

Effect of self-protection awareness on the complications in elderly patients with diabetic foot

目的观察老年糖尿病患者自我防护意识水平对糖尿病足相关并发症的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2020年5月至2022年4月收治的老年糖尿病足患者作为研究对象,患者于入院当日采用一般资料调查表、自我防护意识问卷进行问卷调查,跟踪随访6个月,统计患者糖尿病足并发症发生情况。比较不同一般资料老年糖尿病足患者自我防护意识水平,分析老年糖尿病足患者自我防护意识水平与并发症的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析检验自我防护意识水平对老年糖尿病足患者并发症发生的影响。结果共纳入130例老年糖尿病足患者,自我防护意识评分11~36分,平均(23.86±5.03)分。随访6个月,患者发生糖尿病足并发症35例,发生率为26.92%;其中足部胼胝8例,皲裂19例,溃疡5例,骨髓炎3例。受教育程度初中及以下患者、离异/丧偶患者自我防护意识水平低于高中及以上、已婚患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,受教育程度、婚姻状况是老年糖尿病足患者自我防护意识的影响因素(P<0.05)。点二列相关系数显示,老年糖尿病足患者自我防护意识水平与并发症发生呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,高水平自我防护意识是老年糖尿病足患者发生并发症的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论老年糖尿病足患者足部并发症发生率较高,可能受患者自我防护意识水平影响,护理过程中应针对患者自我防护意识进行相应干预,有助于降低并发症风险。

Objective To observe the effect of self-protection awareness on the complications in elderly patients with diabetic foot.Methods Elderly patients with diabetic foot admitted to the hospital from May 2020 to April 2022 were prospectively included as the research objects.All patients were surveyed using the general information questionnaire and self-protection awareness questionnaire on the day of admission.They were followed up for 6 months,and the complications of diabetic foot were recorded.The self-protection awareness level of elderly patients with diabetic foot with different general information was compared.The correlation between self-protection awareness and complications of diabetic foot in elderly patients was analyzed.The influence of the self-protection awareness level on the complications of diabetic foot in elderly patients was identified by Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 130 elderly patients with diabetic foot were included in the study,and their mean self-protection awareness score was(23.86±5.03[11-36])points.After 6 months of follow-up,complications of diabetic foot were reported in 35/130(26.92%)patients,including 8 cases of callosum,19 cases of chapped foot,5 cases of ulcer and 3 cases of osteomyelitis.There was a significant difference in the self-protection awareness level between elderly patients with junior high school education and below versus senior high school education and above,and divorced/widowed patients versus married patients(P<0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level and marital status were the influencing factors for self-protection awareness of elderly patients with diabetic foot(P<0.05).The point-biserial correlation showed that the self-protection awareness level in elderly patients with diabetic foot was negatively correlated with the occurrence of the complications(r<0,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of self-protection awareness was the protective factor for the complications of elderly patients with diabetic foot(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of foot complications in elderly patients with diabetic foot is relatively high,which may be affected by the level of self-protection awareness.Corresponding interventions should be carried out in the nursing process for self-protection awareness,which is helpful to reduce the risk of complications.