无人机倾斜摄影与BIM技术在牵引变电所选址中的应用

The Application of UAV Oblique Photography and BIM Technology in Traction Substation Site Selection

针对传统牵引变电所选址方法可靠性低的问题,提出一种将无人机倾斜摄影和BIM技术相结合的选址方法,利用倾斜摄影三维实景模型和BIM模型可视化的特性进行融合分析选址。首先,让无人机在外业现场执行特定的航拍飞行路线,从低空垂直正向和斜向多个角度拍摄现场地面环境图片;接着,在计算机倾斜摄影数据处理软件中生成密集点云、关联地表纹理、重构现场三维实景模型;然后,在三维地理信息分析软件中实现三维实景模型与牵引变电所BIM模型融合;最后,在集成的三维演示环境中直观地观察和分析牵引变电所与拟选所址三维空间的位置关系,提取拟选所址区域的风险点位,自动调取风险点位关联图片,为选址方案的最终确定提供更多维度的决策支持。在工程实例中进行了方案验证,在拟选所址区域共发现8处风险点位,利用三维实景模型测量风险物体尺寸,结合数百张关联的航拍图片辨识风险物体外观,在三维实景模型中精确规划所址方案,在满足功能需求的前提下尽量规避风险点,减少征拆工程、土建工程、外电工程的投资。结果表明,本文提出的方法相比传统人工现场判视方法,能从更多维度对现场进行记录和分析,选址结果可靠性和经济性更高。

Addressing the issue of low reliability in traditional site selection methods for traction substations,this study proposes a novel approach that combines UAV oblique photography and BIM technology to enhance site selection accuracy.The method integrates the visualization capabilities of the 3D real scene model and BIM model for site analysis.Initially,the UAV is deployed to conduct specific aerial flights over the site,capturing ground-level images from both low-altitude vertical and oblique angles.Subsequently,dense point clouds are generated and ground surface textures are associated to reconstruct a 3D real scene model of the site using specialized photogrammetry software.The 3D real scene model is then integrated with the BIM model of the traction substation using 3D GIS software.In the integrated 3D visualization environment,the spatial relationship between the traction substation and the potential site is visually assessed,identifying and extracting risk points in the selected site area.Relevant images of these risk points are automatically retrieved to provide multidimensional decision support for final site selection.The proposed approach is validated through practical engineering cases.In the potential site area,eight risk points are identified and accurately measured in the 3D photorealistic model.By combining hundreds of associated aerial images,the appearances of these risk objects are discerned.Finally,a well-planned site layout is developed within the 3D real scene model,aimed at minimizing potential risks and reducing the overall investment in demolition,construction,and power transmission infrastructure,while satisfying functional requirements.Results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional manual on-site assessment methods,offering enhanced reliability and cost-effectiveness in site selection.This method enables comprehensive documentation and analysis of the site from multiple perspectives,thus improving the reliability and efficiency of the site selection process.