福柯权力观的转换:从规训权力到生命权力

The Transformation of Foucault’s View of Power:From the Disciplinary Power to the Biopower

从规训权力到生命权力,福柯权力理论内部发生了转换,对其转换过程的分析有助于深化对福柯思想的理解。首先,经济性介入是规训权力转向生命权力的前提,弥补了规训机制分析的留白,转变了福柯权力研究的起点。其次,从规训权力走向生命权力,权力的运作逻辑展示出非道德化趋向,带动福柯分析重点的偏移。最后,生命权力改变了规训权力的运作方式,转为放任自由的治理术,其管控机制也在制度性框架的确认下搭建,福柯以对新自由主义的批判完成了权力理论的转换过程。通过对福柯从规训权力到生命权力转换问题的分析,一方面可以帮助我们领会两种权力观间的区别与联系,另一方面也可以为理解福柯权力理论的过程性和动态性提供契机。

From the disciplinary power to the biopower,Foucault’s power theory has undergone a transformation.The analysis of the transformation process is helpful to better understand Foucault’s thought.First of all,economic intervention is the premise of the transformation,which makes up for the blank in the analysis of disciplinary power and changes the starting point of Foucault’s power research.Secondly,in the process from disciplinary power to the biopower,the operation logic of power shows a tendency of immorality,which leads Foucault to shift the emphasis of power analysis.Finally,the biopower changes the operation mechanism of the power of discipline and turns into laissez-faire governance.Its control mechanism is also established under the confirmation of institutional framework.Foucault completes the transformation process of the power theory with his criticism of neoliberalism.Through the analysis of Foucault’s transformation from disciplinary power to the biopower,on the one hand,it can help us understand the difference and connection between the two views of power,on the other hand,it can also provide us with an opportunity to understand the process and dynamics of Foucault’s power theory.