数字化转型提高了企业劳动资源配置效率吗?

Does Digital Transformation Improve Labor Factor Allocation Efficiency of Companies?

在数字经济蓬勃发展和加快建设全国统一大市场的背景下,从企业数字化转型角度探究劳动要素配置问题具有重要意义。本文基于2011—2020年制造业上市公司数据,使用文本分析方法刻画企业数字化转型强度,应用双重机器学习模型实证检验了企业数字化转型对劳动资源配置效率的影响效果及机制。结果表明,企业数字化转型整体上显著提升了劳动资源配置效率。采用Lasso回归筛选工具变量控制内生性问题并进行稳健性检验后,结论仍然成立。其中,国有企业、高劳动密集度和高市场集中度行业企业劳动配置效率促进效应更为显著。机制分析表明,数字化转型主要通过降低信息不对称程度,促进企业配置更多高水平劳动要素、降低劳动要素边际产出和边际成本的偏离程度改善劳动要素错配问题。研究结论为充分发挥数字化对企业劳动资源的配置功能,矫正劳动资源失衡错配、实现劳动供给与工作岗位的合理匹配,助力高质量发展提供了有益启示。

Under the background of the vigorous development of the digital economy and the acceleration of the construction of a unified national market,it is of great significance to explore the allocation of labor factors from the perspective of enterprise digital transformation.Based on the data of listed companies in the manufacturing industry from 201l to 2020,the text analysis method has been used to construct the digital transformation index of companies,and apply the double machine learning model to empirically test the impact effect and mechanism of digital transformation on the efficiency of labor resource allocation.The results show that,the digital transformation of companies significantly promotes the labor factor allocation efficiency on the whole.By using Lasso regression to screen out suitable instrumental variables to control endogeneity problems,and performing a series of robustness tests,the conclusion is still valid.Digital transformation has a particularly significant promotion effect on the labor factor allocation efficiency in the state-owned companies,high labor-intensive companies and companies in industries with high market concentration.The mechanism analysis shows that the promotion effect can be achieved by reducing the degree of information asymmetry and promoting enterprises to allocate more high-level labor factors,reducing the deviation degree of marginal output and marginal costs of labor factors.This paper provides useful enlightenment for giving full operation to the function of digitalization in allocating labor resources,correcting the imbalance and misallocation of labor resources,reconciling the reasonable matching of labor supply and job positions,and promoting high-quality development.