生命历程视角下社会经济地位对我国老年人健康状况的影响研究

Study on Influence of Socioeconomic Position on Health Status of the Elderly in China from the Perspective of Life Course

目的:在生命历程的视角下,探究各年龄阶段社会经济地位对我国老年人健康状况的影响,为促进老年人健康提供依据。方法:基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据筛选获得9326名老年人,应用Pearson检验、logistic回归模型分析各年龄阶段社会经济地位与老年人健康状况的相关性,探究全生命周期社会经济地位对老年人健康状况的综合影响。结果:儿童期、成年期、老年期各年龄阶段社会经济地位较高的老年人自评健康良好率、日常生活能力受损率均优于社会经济地位较低的老年人,社会经济地位较高的老年人健康良好率高出约3.28%-37.71%。生命历程视角下,社会经济地位对老年人健康状况有正向影响,社会经济地位较高的老年人健康受损的发生率是社会经济地位较低老年人的0.445-0.873倍。结论:各年龄阶段社会经济地位对老年人健康状况均有独立的影响,同时在生命历程的视角下,社会经济地位带来的影响具有累积效应,应从生命全过程实施支持和干预手段,以改善老年人健康水平。

Objective:To explore the impact of socioeconomic position of different ages on the health status of the elderly in China from the perspective of life process,so as to provide a basis for promoting the health of the elderly.Methods:Statistics of 9326 elderly people were extracted by screening the 2018 Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey data.By using the Pearson test and logistic regression model,this paper summarized the correlation between socioeconomic position of different ages and the health of the elderly people,and explored the comprehensive impact of socioeconomic position on the health of the elderly people in the whole life course.Results:The rate of good self-rated health and the rate of impaired activity of daily living in the elderly with higher socioeconomic position in all ages were better than those in the elderly with lower socioeconomic position.Elderly people with higher socioeconomic position had a higher rate of good health about 3.28%-37.71%.From the perspective of life process,socioeconomic position had a positive impact on the health of the elderly,and the incidence of health damage in the elderly with higher socioeconomic position was 0.445-0.873 times that in the elderly with lower socioeconomic position.Conclusion:Socioeconomic position of all ages has an independent impact on the health of the elderly.At the same time,from the perspective of life process,the impact of socioeconomic position has a cumulative effect.Support and intervention should be implemented from the whole life process to improve the health level of the elderly.