热应激蛋白家族在水生动物中的研究进展

Research Progress on Heat Stress Protein Family in Aquatic Animals:a Review

热应激蛋白(HSPs)也称为应激蛋白和外源性伴侣蛋白,是一组分子量不同的高度保守的蛋白,包括sHsps、Hsp60、Hsp70、Hsp90和Hsp110。HSPs指在正常生理条件下合成,用于应对应激状态的物质。蛋白多肽链的折叠与组装、受损蛋白质的复性、免疫识别、细胞凋亡等都有HSPs的参与。在鱼类、甲壳动物和棘皮动物中,HSPs除了增强水生生物抗应激能力外,还能在免疫调控、细胞凋亡、炎症反应中的各个方面发挥作用。外源性HSPs可以作为疫苗,通过刺激宿主的体液免疫和细胞免疫来增加对病原的抵抗力。HSPs也可以作为疫苗佐剂,在开发水生动物疫苗中发挥重要作用;还可以作为水生动物的重要靶位点,通过调节HSPs的表达,提高水生动物的抗应激能力,在疾病的预防和控制中发挥重要作用。

Heat shock proteins(HSPs)including sHsps,Hsp60,Hsp70,Hsp90 and Hsp110,also known as stress proteins and exogenous chaperone proteins,are a group of highly conserved proteins with different molecular weights.HSPs are synthesized under normal physiological conditions and in response to stress.As molecular chaperones,HSPs are involved in the folding and assembly of protein polypeptide chains,renaturation of damaged proteins,immune recognition,cell apoptosis and other physiological activities.In aquatic animals including fish,crustaceans and echinoderms,the functions of a variety of Hsps proteins have been reported.In addition to enhancing the anti-stress ability of aquatic animals,Hsps can also play a broader role in various aspects of the epidemic system function,cell apoptosis and inflammatory process.Exogenous HSPs can also be used as vaccines to increase resistance to pathogens by stimulating the humoral and cellular aspects of the innate immunity of the host.HSPs can also be used as vaccine adjuvant,playing an important role in the development of effective vaccines against aquatic diseases.Therefore,HSPs can be used as an important target site for aquatic animals.HSPs can not only enhance the anti-stress ability of aquatic animals,but also play an important role in disease prevention and control by regulation of the expression and function.