光固化3D打印复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Light-cured 3D Printing Composites

3D打印是一种新型的增材制造技术,在打印平台上可以逐层构建具有复杂结构的对象。在传统制造领域,开始制造器件之前需要设计和制造模具,很难满足个性化定制的所有要求。基于光敏树脂的光固化成型技术是3D打印常用的成型方法和重要的发展方向。本文综述了基于光固化3D打印的有机硅材料、水凝胶材料、纳米复合材料、生物基材料等复合材料的研究现状,归纳了光固化3D打印复合材料在柔性电子领域、生物医学领域、水处理领域的应用情况,并对其未来发展进行了展望。今后,可通过进一步改良光固化3D打印工艺,实现可见光或者低能量光线条件下的高分辨率、高速3D打印;可将植物油类材料转化为新型单体和聚合物,提升其性能以取代传统化石能源;通过添加功能性纳米纤维素,可开发更多光固化3D打印复合材料配方,进一步提升打印器件的机械性能。

3D printing is a novel additive manufacturing technology that allows objects with complex structures to be built layer by layer right on the build platform.In the field of traditional manufacturing,molds need to be designed and manufactured before starting to build devices,making it difficult to meet all the requirements of personalization.Light-curing molding technology based on photosensitive resin is a commonly used molding method and is an important development direction for 3D printing.This paper reviews the current research status of composites based on light-cured 3D printing such as organosilicon materials,hydrogel materials,nanocomposites,and bio-based materials,and summarizes the applications of light-cured 3D printing composites in the fields of flexible electronics,biomedicine,and water treatment.In the future,the light-cured 3D printing process can be further improved to achieve high-resolution,high-speed 3D printing under visible or low-energy light conditions;vegetable oil-based materials can be converted into new monomers and polymers to enhance their performance to replace traditional fossil energy;more light-cured 3D printing composite formulations can be developed through the addition of functional nanocellulose,which can further enhance the mechanical properties of the printing device.