面向硝基化学品安全生产的绝热连续微反应技术发展及思考

Development and consideration of adiabatic continuous microreaction technology for safe production of nitro compounds

硝化反应是典型的快速强放热反应,是生产含能化学品的重要反应,但也是安全事故频发的反应,因此“谈硝色变”是含能化学品生产面临的重大挑战。本文指出:与国外比,我国硝化工艺和装备都存在明显差距,连续硝化是卡脖子技术。文中总结了清华大学微化工团队提出绝热微反应连续硝化思路,提出其在芳香化合物绝热微反应硝化研究中取得的进展,指出该技术创新主要涉及微反应工艺安全系统评价方法、硝化动力学、绝热反应工艺、微化工系统构建和硝化全流程工艺再造。

Nitration reaction is a typical fast and strong exothermic reaction,which is an important reaction for the production of energetic chemicals,but also a reaction with frequent safety accidents.Therefore,nitration reaction is a major challenge for the production of energetic chemicals.Compared with foreign nitration technology,China’s nitration process and equipment have obvious gaps,and continuous nitration is a bottleneck technology.In order to break through the technical barrier of constant temperature continuous nitration and realize the intrinsically safe nitration,this paper summarized the concept of adiabatic micro reaction continuous nitrification proposed by the micro chemical team of Tsinghua University,and put forward its progress in the research of aromatic compound adiabatic micro reaction nitrification.It was pointed out that the technical innovation mainly involved the evaluation method of micro-reaction process safety system,nitration kinetics,adiabatic reaction technology,construction of micro-chemical system and reconstruction of the entire nitrification process.