元素掺杂生物质炭材料在电化学储能中的研究进展

Research progress on element doped biomass carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage

在“双碳”目标的背景下,新型生物质炭材料的开发及其在电化学储能领域中的应用引起了人们广泛的关注。在各种优化生物质炭材料性能的方法中,元素掺杂能够解决比容量低、稳定性差的问题,为提高生物质炭材料电化学性能提供了一种简单、有效的方法和策略。本文从植物基、动物基和微生物基三方面介绍了元素掺杂生物质炭材料的来源,并根据掺杂元素的种数将元素掺杂生物质炭材料归纳为单元素掺杂和多元素共掺杂。回顾了元素掺杂生物质炭材料在超级电容器、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池等电化学储能器件中的应用,在此基础上分析了其化学组成和微观结构对电化学性能的影响。同时对其今后的发展和商业化前景做出展望,指出掺杂元素的种类和含量的调控、制备方法和工艺的优化、生物质自掺杂属性的激活仍是目前亟待解决的问题和未来的发展方向。

In order to achieve emissions peak and carbon neutrality,the development of new biomass carbon materials and their application in the field of electrochemical energy storage has been attracted extensive attention.Among various methods,element doping can solve the problems of low specific capacity and poor stability,and provide a simple and effective method and strategy to optimized and improve the electrochemical properties of biomass carbon materials.In this review,the precursors of doped biomass carbon materials were introduced from three aspects:plant-based,animal-based and microbial-based.The elemental doped biomass carbon materials were classified as single-element doped and multi-elements co-doped according to the number of doped elements.The applications of elemental doped biomass carbon materials in electrochemical energy storage devices(supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries)were reviewed,and the effects of their chemical composition and microstructure on electrochemical performance were analyzed.Finally,the future development and commercialization prospects of element doped biomass carbon materials were prospected.The regulation of types and contents of doped elements,the optimization of preparation methods and processes and the activation of biomass self-doped properties were future development directions and urgent problems to be solved.