我国城市地球物理勘探方法应用进展

Advances of the application of urban geophysical exploration methods in China

我国经济的不断发展和城市化建设的快速推进,凸显了城市地下空间探测与合理开发利用需求的迫切性与重要性,高精度地球物理勘探方法对城市地下空间探测发挥着重要作用.与常规物探工作相比,城市地下空间探测面临着较为复杂特殊的环境,因而某些领域对常规物探工作提出了更高要求.本文试图总结梳理近年来城市地下空间探测中的应用研究进展及发展趋势,从城市高密度电法、探地雷达法、面波勘探法、浅层反射地震法及城市高精度重力探测等五种方法概述应用进展,涵盖电磁、地震、重力等多门类综合地球物理勘探方法,涉及光纤传感及微动技术在地下空间探测的应用,分析了各种方法的优势所在,简明阐述了城市地下空间探测的有效方法途径和部分存在的问题,以期为地球物理勘探相关技术发展及城市地下空间探测工作提供一定参考借鉴.

The prosperous development of China's economy and the rapid advancement of urbanization have highlighted the urgency and importance of the exploration,rational development and utilization of urban underground space.High-precision geophysical exploration methods play an important role in urban underground space exploration.Compared with the work of conventional geophysical exploration,urban underground space exploration is facing more complex and special environments,which puts forward higher requirements in some aspects for the conventional geophysical exploration.In this paper,we systematically summarized and overviewed the study progress and development trends of the application on urban underground space exploration in recent years.We summarized the application progress from five methods:urban high-density electrical method,ground penetrating radar method,surface wave exploration method,shallow reflection seismic method and urban high-precision gravity exploration.It covers electromagnetic,seismic and gravity geophysical exploration methods,involves state of the art Distributed Acoustic Sensing(DAS)and the microtremor technology in underground space exploration.These methods could be used for the detection of urban active faults,shallow geological structure and attribute parameters,subsurface pipelines and octaves,microtremor geothermal detection,as well as highway illness.We stated the merits and strengths of each method,analyzed and elaborated the effective methods of urban underground space exploration,discussed the existing difficult problems and development trends,and briefly summarized the characteristics,wideness and effectiveness of the geophysical methods in urban underground space exploration at last,so as to provide useful reference for the development of related technologies in geophysical and urban underground space exploration.