2022年河南省公众结核病核心信息知晓情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of public awareness of tuberculosis core information and influencing factors in Henan province in 2022

目的分析河南省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓情况及影响因素,为结核病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层系统随机抽样方法抽取12个调查点的1199名常住居民为调查对象,采用统一问卷进行面对面调查。使用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行描述性分析、χ^(2)检验和复杂抽样多因素logistic回归分析。结果2022年河南省结核病核心信息,包括肺结核的传染性、传播途径、症状、预防和预后的知晓率分别为79.48%、88.24%、91.08%、87.74%、70.81%,总知晓率和全部知晓率分别为83.47%和52.96%。对全部知晓率进行复杂抽样logistic回归分析,低年龄组高于高年龄组(OR=1.969);厂矿企业人群的全部知晓率较高(OR=1.721),在校学生的全部知晓率较低(OR=0.490);接受过宣传教育的人群高于未接受教育人群(OR=2.156);不同调查点OR值波动范围为0.152~10.053(P<0.05)。调查对象希望获取结核病防治知识的途径为广播、电视、电影、音像材料等(732/1199,61.05%)。结论河南公众对结核病防治核心信息的总知晓率接近但尚未达到目标(85%)要求,需继续开展有针对性的、公众需求的结核病宣传教育,重点提高老年人和学生等重点人群的结核病防治知识知晓水平。

Objective To provide scientific basis for the next step of tuberculosis health education by analyzing the public awareness rate of tuberculosis core information and the public demand for tuberculosis prevention and control information in Henan.Methods A total of 1199 permanent residents from 12 survey sites were selected by stratified systematic random sampling,and a face-to-face survey was conducted with a unified questionnaire.SPSS 27.0 statistical software was used for descriptive analysis,χ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression analysis for complex sampling.Results In 2022,the awareness rates of tuberculosis core information in Henan about the infectivity,transmission route,symptoms,prevention and prognosis was 79.48%,88.24%,91.08%,87.74%and 70.81%,respectively,and the total awareness rate and the overall awareness rate were 83.47%and 52.96%,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the total awareness rate in the lower age group was higher than that in the higher age group(OR=1.969);the total awareness rate in the people from factories and mines was higher(OR=1.721)and the total awareness rate in school students was lower(OR=0.490);it was higher in the people who had received publicity and education than that in those who had not(OR=2.156);the OR values of different survey sites fluctuated ranged from 0.152-10.053(P<0.05).The means by which the survey respondents wished to obtain knowledge about tuberculosis control were radio,television,movies,and audio-visual materials(732/1199,61.05%).Conclusions The awareness rate of tuberculosis core information among the public in Henan does not meet the target(85%).It is necessary to continue to carry out targeted and the-public-demanding tuberculosis health education,focusing on improving the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control among the elderly,students and other key groups.