社会建构主义视角下乡村旅游地乡村性表征及其时空演化

The Representations and Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Rurality in Rural Tourism Destinations from the Perspective of Social Constructivism

乡村旅游地精准把握乡村性特征,能有效提升其核心竞争力。文章以南京市世凹桃源村、大山村和漆桥村为案例地,综合运用定性与定量的研究方法,刻画了乡村旅游地乡村性表征及时空演化特征。研究发现,乡村性表征的核心范畴包括乡村物质环境、社会行为和精神文化。旅游发展前的表征与农业密切相关,旅游发展后,旅游特征强化。时间演化方面,不同案例地的乡村性表征水平和变化方向具有差异,世凹村和漆桥村的乡村性表征水平呈下降态势,而大山村的乡村性表征水平呈增长趋势。物质环境和社会行为维度呈现降低趋势,而精神文化方面的感知明显增强。空间演化方面,物质环境维度的乡村性表征空间分布格局以“小集聚、大分散”为特征,社会行为维度的乡村性表征表现出“大集聚、小分散”的空间特征,精神文化维度的乡村性表征具有“小集聚”的分布特征,在旅游发展后,乡村性表征空间格局均呈现更为集聚的演化趋势。

A rural area and its rurality undergo profound changes during the processes of urbanization and modernization.Simultaneously,the rurality of rural tourism destinations is crucial to tourism development.Clarifying the typical representations,evolution trends,and mechanisms of rurality in rural tourism destinations provides an important guide for promoting rural tourism's sustainable development.Based on qualitative coding,a paired-samples t-test,and participatory mapping,this study delineates the representations of rurality and its spatial and temporal evolution in Shiao,Qiqiao,and Dashan villages as cases of rural tourism destinations in Nanjing.This study finds that the key categories in the representations of rurality include the material,the social,and the spiritual.The primary categories are natural environment,settlement architecture,production and life,social interaction,folk activities,and spiritual dependence.Representations existing before tourism development were closely related to agriculture,while after tourism development,representations regarding tourism were intensified.The representation of rurality after tourism development takes tourism as the core element.Alongside tourism development,the representation of rurality presents new connotations and has the characteristics of social construction.Regarding temporal evolution,the degree and direction of changes in rurality differed among case sites.Rurality in Shiao village and Qiqiao village decreased,while rurality in Dashan village demonstrated an upward trend.Although Shiao village primarily has convenient transportation and market proximity,it is affected substantially by modernization,resulting in a weakened rurality.Although Qiqiao village is also located in the outskirts of the city,its tourism development lags,and tourism's positive impact on rurality is almost non-existent,which leads to a weakening of rurality.By contrast,Dashan village is influenced by tourism development;it has developed a trend of increasing rurality.Therefore,a preliminary conclusion is that factors such as tourism development,location,and natural resource endowment affect rurality's evolution The dimensions of the material and the social showed a downward trend,while the spiritual dimension witnessed a significant increase.In the tourism context,the evolutionary direction of rurality for rural destination tourism presents different results.In terms of spatial evolution,the material dimension's rurality presents the distribution characteristics of“small agglomeration”and“large dispersion”,while social rurality presents the distribution characteristics of“large agglomeration”and“small dispersion”.The spiritual dimension's rurality presents the distribution characteristics of“small agglomeration”.Following the development of tourism,there is an evolution trend of greater agglomeration.The spatial evolution of the representation of rurality reveals spatial processes of social construction.Regarding the influence mechanism,rurality's evolution in rural tourism destinations is affected by multiple factors.In addition to being limited by natural conditions,such as natural resource and location conditions,it is influenced to a greater extent by modernization,such as tourism development.Based on the cognition of rurality,multiple actors in rural tourism destinations construct rurality,which affects its own evolution.