民族地区乡村旅游产业进化“殊途”?——基于定性比较分析法的组态路径分析

What is the “Different Path” for the Industry Evolution of Rural Tourism in Ethnic Minority Areas?——QCA-based Configuration Path Analysis

乡村旅游产业进化对民族地区乡村振兴和实现共同富裕具有重要价值。文章借鉴经济进化论和现代资源观理论,通过自上而下的理论演绎构建乡村旅游产业进化过程模式;采用文本分析法与定性比较分析法,分析影响民族地区乡村旅游产业进化的资源要素,探索产业进化组态路径。基于广西龙脊梯田景区61家旅游企业研究发现:(1)在多种组织资源持续交互作用下,乡村旅游产业呈现“自由演化-市场选择-实现进化”的螺旋式进化趋势;(2)组织学习能力、人力资本、技术创新、知识联盟、正式制度、创业环境6要素构成5条组态路径,推动民族地区乡村旅游产业进化;(3)组织学习能力是所有组态路径的核心要素,知识联盟对初始资源劣势型乡村旅游小企业不可或缺,合理配置资源是进化的关键。研究结论揭示了民族地区乡村旅游产业进化的复杂因果本质,具有积极的实践借鉴和理论价值。

The evolution of the rural tourism industry is of great value to rural economic development in China's ethnic minority areas.First,the theory of economic evolution and resource-focused action are used to construct a model of the evolutionary process of the rural tourism industry.Second,the text analysis and quantitative comparative analysis methods are used to identify the resource elements influencing the evolution of the rural tourism industry in China's ethnic minority areas,and explore the configuration path of industrial evolution.Based on research on 61 tourism businesses in Longji,China,we show the following:(1) In the developmental process of the rural tourism industry,the adaptational changes of rural tourism businesses through effective resource allocation enable them to thrive and grow via market selection.Although business evolutionary paths differ,the massive evolution of businesses causes the rural tourism industry to present a spiral upward“variation-market selectionevolution”trend.The six key resource elements—formal institutions,entrepreneurial environment,knowledge alliance,human capital,technological innovation,and organizational learning ability—comprise five configuration paths to promote the evolution of the rural tourism industry in China's ethnic minority areas.(2) The first configuration path consists of a high level of human capital and organizational learning capabilities as the core resources,with formal institutions as the auxiliary resource.The path promotes the evolution of external tourism businesses,with rich resources entering the market during the participation stage of tourism destinations.The second path is dominated by the three core resources of entrepreneurial environment,knowledge alliance,and organizational learning ability.It promotes the evolution of local small tourism businesses(STBs) founded by villagers in the ethnic minority areas,with insufficient initial resources entering destinations in the participation stage of tourism destinations and successfully competing.The third path takes organizational learning ability and formal institutions as core resources,and knowledge alliance and technological innovation capability as supplementary resources.This promotes the evolution of external STBs with relatively rich resources entering the market during the development and later stages of tourism destinations.The fourth path consists of knowledge alliance and organizational learning ability as core resources,whereas excellent entrepreneurial environment and technological innovation ability comprise supplementary resources.This configuration promotes the evolution of local STBs,with rich resources founded by villagers with expertise and skills entering the market in the developmental and later stages of tourism destinations.The fifth path consists of organizational learning ability and human capital as core resources,while technological innovation and knowledge alliance constitute auxiliary resources.This path promotes the evolution of medium-scale external and“local-external”cooperative tourism businesses entering the market in the consolidation stage of tourism destinations.(3) The relationship between resource endowment and the evolution of the rural tourism industry in ethnic minority areas is not directly causal.Reasonable and effective resource allocation is the key to overcoming the market selection mechanism to realize evolution.Organizational learning ability is the core element of all configuration paths.Technological innovation,which has improved the scale and income of the rural tourism industry in ethnic minority areas,is not the core resource causing the change of industrial quality owing to the lack of human capital and market operation ability.