探寻“神秘之物”:对文学景观作为旅游吸引物的再认识

Exploring “Mysteries”:Re-understanding of Literary Landscape as Tourism Attraction

传统文学在凝聚民族精神方面起着价值观培育和引导作用。在文旅融合背景下,文学景观作为核心吸引物获得游客青睐。文章立足于旅游吸引物和文学旅游体验中关于文学景观的核心观点,在精神分析与符号学的启示下,借鉴Lacan三界理论,建立文学景观的审美三界论,以此作为文章的理论分析框架;以中国古典名著《水浒传》及水泊梁山文学景观为案例,通过长期实地调研并结合网络游记,对文学景观作为旅游吸引物进行再认识。研究表明:(1)旅游资源是旅游核心吸引物的质料,文学景观作为旅游吸引物进行旅游开发时,需要将文学中的无形思想转化为可见的表征,由此带来文学景观能指的3次变迁;(2)文学景观是文学资源集聚的产物,不同质料呈现出不同的文学景观,“真实”与“虚构”之结合是文学景观的核心吸引力所在,文学景观能指链的运作在文学想象界与社会现实界中自由穿梭;(3)传统文学是深藏于游客内心的信念结构,是文学景观审美实践中的“传统技能”,支撑着文学景观背后的人类情感和意义,作为旅游吸引物能够极大地激发游客审美愉悦,传统文学中所蕴涵的神秘力量以无意识审美方式实现文学景观意义的流通与锚定。研究结论对文学资源的旅游开发、核心吸引物打造、文学景观设计以及中国传统文学的创造性转化和创新性发展有一定的实践指导意义。

Traditional literature plays a role in cultivating and guiding values in condensing the national spirit.In the context of the integration of culture and tourism,literary landscapes are favored by tourists as the core attractions.Based on the core viewpoints of tourist attractions and literary tourism experience on literary landscape and inspired by psychoanalysis and semiotics,this research transforms Lacan's three realms theory and establishes the aesthetic three realms theory of literary landscape,which is the theoretical analysis framework of this paper.Taking the famous Chinese classics Water Margin and the literary landscape of Shuipo Liangshan as cases,using data collected from long-term field research and online travel notes,this research re-understands the literary landscape as a tourist attraction.Research findings revealed that:(1) Tourism resources are the material of the core attraction of tourism.When the literary landscape is developed as a tourist attraction,it is necessary to transform the invisible ideas in literature into visible representations,which brings about three changes in the signifier of the literary landscape.(2) Literature landscape is the product of the literature material gathering,the different material presents the different literature landscape.As a tourist attraction,the literary landscape combines“real”and“fictional”places.The“signifier chain”of literary landscape shuttles freely between the literary imaginary order and the social real.(3) Traditional literature is the belief structure deeply hidden in the tourist heart,and is the“traditional skill”in the aesthetic practice of the literary landscape.As the tourist attraction,traditional literature is the basis of the human emotion and meaning behind the literary landscape,which can stimulate the aesthetic pleasure of tourists.The mysterious power contained in traditional literature achieves the circulation and anchoring of the meaning of literary landscape in an unconscious aesthetic way.The research conclusions have important practical guiding significance for the tourism development of literary resources,the creation of core attractions,the design of literary landscapes,and the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese literature.