进口机器人应用对中国企业出口国内技术含量影响的研究

Research on the Impact of Imported Robot Application on the Domestic Technology Content of Chinese Enterprises'Exports

在“双循环”新发展格局下,充分发挥机器人应用对企业出口国内技术含量提升的促进作用,是建设贸易强国的内在需求。文章基于2001~2014年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关贸易数据库匹配数据,构建企业层面出口国内技术含量指标,检验了进口机器人应用对企业出口国内技术含量的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,进口机器人应用能显著促进企业出口国内技术含量的提升,且该结论通过了对被解释变量进行缩尾处理等一系列稳健性检验与内生性检验;进口机器人应用对交通运输、电子通信及医药行业企业、资本密集型企业和非国有企业出口国内技术含量提升作用更为明显;进口机器人应用通过生产工艺优化效应、进口中间品节约效应以及国内中间品扩张效应提高了企业出口国内技术含量。因此,优先发展应用于生产环节的机器人产业,加强机器人应用与人才培养的协同发展,完善机器人产业配套体系是加快贸易强国建设和构建“双循环”新发展格局的有效途径。

Under the new development pattern of"dual circulation",it is an inherent requirement for building a trade power that giving full play to the promotion role of robot application in improving the domestic technological content of enterprises'exports(DTCEE).By matching the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and the Chinese Customs Trade Database from 2001 to 2014 and constructing an index for DTCEE,this paper analyzes the impact of imported robot application on DTCEE.The result shows that imported robot application can significantly promote DTCEE growth,and this result is robust by using a series of robustness tests and endogenous tests.Imported robotic application has a more significant impact on DTCEE of capital intensive enterprises and non-state owned enterprises in the transportation industries,electronic communications industries,or pharmaceutical industries.The mechanism tests show that imported robot application improves DTCEE by optimizing production process,saving imported intermediate products,and increasing domestic intermediate products.Therefore,giving priority to the development of the robot industry applied in production,and strengthening the coordinated development of robot application and talent cultivation and improving the supporting system of the robot industry are effective ways to turn China into a trader of quality and accelerate the establishment of a"dual circulation"development pattern.