铬铁矿电炉冶炼高碳铬铁现状与发展趋势

PRESENT SITUATION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TREND OF SMELTING HIGH CARBON FERROCHROME WITH CHROMITE BY ELECTRIC FURNACE PROCESS

介绍了铬铁矿电炉法冶炼生产高碳铬铁现状及未来发展方向。当前全球范围内高碳铬铁的冶炼方式以电炉冶炼为主,可将冶炼方式分为开放式/半封闭式交流埋弧炉冶炼、封闭式交流埋弧炉冶炼、预还原-封闭式交流埋弧炉冶炼、开放式直流明弧炉冶炼。随着电炉容量扩大,允许配入的粉矿占比越来越小,需要对炉料进行造块预处理,方法包括烧结、球团、压团。此外铬铁矿中铬还原温度高,渣系熔化温度高,冶炼过程中能耗高、碳排放高。未来高碳铬铁生产需要从炉料清洁制备、炉渣制度优化及冶炼技术研究等方面开展研究。

The present situation and future development direction of smelting high carbon ferrochrome production with chromite by electric furnace process were reviewed in the paper.At present,the smelting methods of high carbon ferrochrome in the world are mainly electric furnace smelting,which can be divided into open/semi-closed AC submerged arc furnace smelting,closed AC submerged arc furnace smelting,prereduction-closed AC submerged arc furnace smelting,open DC open arc furnace smelting.With the expansion of electric furnace capacity,the proportion of powder ore allowed to be added is getting smaller and smaller,and it is necessary to pretreat the burden by agglomeration,including sintering,pelletizing and briquetting.In addition,chromite reduction temperature is high as well as the melting temperature of system of slag;the energy consumption and carbon emission in smelting process are high.The future production of high carbon ferrochrome needs to be studied from the aspects of clean preparation of furnace charge,optimization of slag system and smelting technology.