以营养专科护士为主导的恶性肿瘤患者营养管理病房的创建与实施

Establishment and operation of nutrition management ward led by specialist nurses in nutrition support for patients with malignant tumours

目的创建以营养支持专科护士为主导的恶性肿瘤营养管理病房,为改善恶性肿瘤患者营养状况提供一种新的管理方法。方法采用便利抽样法,将本院收治的110例存在营养风险的恶性肿瘤患者,按照入院时间顺序分为对照组(2021年6月至8月)54例与试验组(2021年9月至11月)56例,对照组实施常规营养干预,试验组按照恶性肿瘤营养管理病房流程进行干预。比较两组患者出院时、首次复查时主观整体评估量表(patient generated-subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)评分、并发症发生率、住院时间、患者满意度及护士的职业认同感。结果试验组患者出院时、首次复查时PG-SGA评分少于对照组,总体并发症发生率低于与短于对照组,患者满意度、护士职业认同感高于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论以营养支持专科护士为主导的恶性肿瘤患者营养管理病房的创立能有效改善恶性肿瘤患者整体的营养状况,利于对肿瘤患者实施个性化、系统化和规范化的营养管理,同时也充分发挥了营养专科护士的价值。

Objective To establish a nutrition management ward led by the nurses specialised in nutrition support for patients with malignant tumours so as to provide a new management approach in improving nutrition of the patients.Methods With convenience sampling method,54 patients who were admitted to our hospital between June and August,2021 with malignant tumours and risks in nutrition were assigned as a control group.Another 56 patients who were admitted to our hospital between September and December,2021 with malignant tumours and risks in nutrition were assigned as an trial group.Patients in the control group received interventional procedures specifically developed for the nutrition management ward.The two groups were compared with the scores of the patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA),incidence of complications,length of hospital stay,patient satisfaction and professional identity of the nurses,at discharge and the first follow-up review of the patients.Results The PG-SGA scores,overall incidence of complications and length of hospital stay in the trial group were all significantly lower than those in the control group at discharge and the first follow-up review(P<0.05).The patient satisfaction and the professional identity of nurses were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Nutrition management ward,led by the nurses specialised in nutrition support,for patients with malignant tumours fully leverages the values of specialist nurses in nutrition,improves the overall nutritional status for the patients with malignant tumours.It is conducive to implementation of individual,systematic and standardised nutrition management for the patients.